如何在Linux中生成EncryptDecrypt随机密码
安全是网络世界中的主要问题之一。网络安全，也称为信息技术安全，重点在于保护计算机，网络，程序和数据免遭意外或未经授权的访问，更改或破坏。我们将密码用于计算机，电子邮件，云，电话，文档等。我们都知道选择易于记忆且难以猜测的密码的基本知识。不过，如果用户想加密或解密密码，那么Linux提供了很多选择。
本文介绍“如何在Linux中生成/加密/解密随机密码”。
PWGen
PwGen是随机的唯一密码生成器。要安装PWGen，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo apt-get install pwgen
样本输出应如下所示–
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgphoto2-port10:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libice6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libllvm3.6:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmouse-perl libmpg123-0:i386 libnet-dropbox-api-perl ..........................................
要生成长度等于10个字符的随机唯一口令，请使用以下命令–
$ pwgen 5 1
样本输出应如下所示–
$ pwgen 10 1 lah6M
要生成几个字符长度为50的随机唯一口令，请使用以下命令–
$ pwgen 50
输出样本应如下所示–
$ pwgen 50 Meepahshoo4ee9kohvezah8fu0Ox0neogh9iechoo9thoocooM ye7ieliiGhief6ohquahf4leithei7sugh6shu3nooy6ooz7Ae ieng0shefaizeezoo6ila5Ecee0iu9aaquaiwie8chi1yoh4ah iiw7Noogh1hi5iga2queepheiCahyaghiesie2yaexeifeifoo lunu9Aic1iepah4Bei8wenee4aer1aiVaing1hoh7eiphiu1le kooquifooFai3uK7Gai8Ix9oph8oolah0ohp2iheiChaepudie caiTiem3ilies0nietetheevei2oatoeloh7iLooPi8Beeneey esug8ahmait6reepheaBoo8goequ2Bu9oodoo5rahkaeweequa nie4ahgheida2xiij6hak7ke5lu0ugh1otah7Feir8iefoDaum noy1chep2da3eu7sheicohZaighai8aem9feec8bohmei2eemu zu8Aec3Pei6ol2ahteexoc3goQuaisai4upaj5chepha6ahsh4 lah4aedahTee2ki6zou4uphoBoh5Ooyeixaihiu5fuoYah7Tei ooS6ku2Ia9Eilohchubais7yoxeephohS9Eath9Pequ3aengae Ooqui3goeko1loh6ooshaikiahi4noxaiDuiP2Ohruroh2ohba pa3quee7Lagheengae9iR3fooHooXa0Ioth0ieMee2pe2Ain9h maife3eiLerooh3to0eeGee6ahHo0aeT9Eef7axa7eiY4LaeP2 aech0AiWuoTheeGeno6NoWahgh0shish8quoo3Chu0uoxahmie paihay0aip3iexaseidah1OhRoo3Eeniemulah8oG7VobeaThi seequ2akooW6Teij2aico6aivohT3eshaeri0Gohjaigiohixu pee8eith4Rinodeequoh2Eipowuvool7ohquu8eibai4haih1h
makepasswd
makepasswd用于根据选择生成给定长度的随机，唯一密码。要安装makepasswd，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo apt-get install makepasswd
样本输出应如下所示–
Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgphoto2-port10:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libice6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libllvm3.6:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmouse-perl libmpg123-0:i386 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libogg0:i386 libopenal1:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libosmesa6:i386 .........................................
要生成字符长度为10（默认值为10）的随机密码，请使用以下命令-
$ makepasswd
样本输出应如下所示–
$ makepasswd c0CgufUg
要生成字符长度为50的随机密码，请使用以下命令-
$ makepasswd --char 40
样本输出应如下所示–
$ makepasswd --char 50 HCvvXipXmc7idBcWHt8UcjcX21xvC9P700NgCAoM
要生成10个20个字符的随机密码，请使用以下命令-
$ makepasswd --char 20 --count 10
样本输出应如下所示–
$ makepasswd --char 20 --count 10 b8aotAGE83WqpNXb6tms XBItn0UenWhc4dNixcBD uE5Km8J8ssHIThhSBWnS XFcfA50Ew6iD0WxwsuKn 3e4nxDU0F3WtzLE7WNoV G640DxC3XsrFQRgFtHho THXKMI65qojzGCVsmje8 LmhK9ScX9uJCE2mDgEYD p9YU7eWI4CN9cxeiLUGn rraxYCpGUNjiFvXmNJha
要加密密码，请使用mkpasswd命令。如下所示安装mkpasswd–
$ sudo apt-get install whois
样本输出应如下所示–
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 ......................................
要使用mkpasswd加密密码，请使用以下命令-
$ mkpasswd tutorialspoint
样本输出应如下所示–
$ mkpasswd tutorialspoint V8dIs6XzLXB7c
要使用aes-256-cbc加密对密码进行加密，请使用以下命令-
$ echo Nhooo-is-a-best-online-resouce | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -pass pass:tutorialspoint
样本输出应如下所示–
$ echo Nhooo-is-a-best-online-resouce | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -pass pass:tutorialspoint U2FsdGVkX19TJ9x2yI18KoP1TzIbyCQhkrK8uShPTm3CtLaZpI4YkOQG3O8RcQnX wymb1bWnshJXkFeyATgCQw==
要解密上述字符串，请使用以下命令–
$ echo U2FsdGVkX19TJ9x2yI18KoP1TzIbyCQhkrK8uShPTm3CtLaZpI4YkOQG3O8RcQnX | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -d -salt -pass pass:tutorialspoint
样本输出应如下所示–
Nhooo-is-a-best-online-resouce
恭喜你！现在，您知道“如何在Linux中生成/加密/解密随机密码”。在下一篇Linux文章中，我们将学习有关这些命令类型的更多信息。继续阅读！