如何安装Lynis 2.2.0 – Linux安全审核工具
Lynis是用于基于Unix和Linux的系统的安全审核工具。它协助审核员扫描系统，其安全防御措施有助于改善系统的安全性。该软件将确定特定于OS类型，已安装软件包，系统和网络配置的系统信息。此外，它将检查系统是否存在配置错误和安全问题。本文介绍了如何在Ubuntu上安装lynis。
特征
它是一个开源的
它支持shell脚本
没有依赖
容易明白
动态操作系统检测
它支持300多种内置测试
它支持自定义测试
插件支持
它支持合规性检查
广泛的软件支持
安装Lynis
Lynis不需要任何安装，可以直接从任何目录使用。为了更好地练习，请在/usr/local/lynis下为Lynis创建目录，如下所示–
# mkdir /usr/local/lynis
下载Lynis源文件的稳定版本，如下所示–
# cd /usr/local/lynis # wget https://cisofy.com/files/lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz
样本输出应如下所示–
--2016-05-05 10:27:09-- https://cisofy.com/files/lynis-2.2.0.tar.gzResolving cisofy.com (cisofy.com)... 149.210.134.182, 2a01:7c8:aab2:209::1 Connecting to cisofy.com (cisofy.com)|149.210.134.182|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 202825 (198K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz’ lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz 100%[===================>] 198.07K 209KB/s in 0.9s 2016-05-05 10:27:11 (209 KB/s) - ‘lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz’ saved [202825/202825]
现在，如下所示打开上述包装的包装–
# tar -xvf lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz
样本输出应如下所示：
lynis/CHANGELOG lynis/CONTRIBUTIONS.md lynis/CONTRIBUTORS lynis/FAQ lynis/INSTALL lynis/LICENSE lynis/README lynis/db/ lynis/db/integrity.db lynis/db/sbl.db lynis/db/fileperms.db lynis/db/malware-susp.db lynis/db/malware.db lynis/db/hints.db lynis/default.prf lynis/extras/ lynis/extras/README lynis/extras/files.dat lynis/extras/lynis.spec lynis/extras/systemd/ lynis/extras/systemd/lynis.service lynis/extras/systemd/lynis.timer lynis/extras/openbsd/ lynis/extras/openbsd/+CONTENTS lynis/extras/check-lynis.sh lynis/extras/bash_completion.d/ lynis/extras/bash_completion.d/lynis lynis/extras/.bzrignore lynis/extras/build-lynis.sh lynis/include/ lynis/include/helper_audit_dockerfile lynis/include/profiles lynis/include/tests_malware lynis/include/tests_containers lynis/include/tests_accounting lynis/include/parameters lynis/include/tests_ssh lynis/include/tool_tips lynis/include/tests_time lynis/include/tests_firewalls lynis/include/tests_nameservices lynis/include/binaries lynis/include/tests_webservers lynis/include/tests_squid lynis/include/tests_storage_nfs lynis/include/tests_insecure_services lynis/include/tests_scheduling lynis/include/tests_tooling lynis/include/tests_hardening lynis/include/tests_networking lynis/include/tests_custom.template ......................................
运行和使用Lynis基础
要运行Lynis，它需要root用户权限，并将输出写入/var/log/lynis.log文件。使用以下命令运行Lynis-
# cd lynis # ./lynis
上面的命令将为您提供可用参数的完整列表，如下所示-
[ Lynis 2.2.0 ]
################################################################################
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
See the LICENSE file for details about using this software.
Copyright 2007-2016 - CISOfy, https://cisofy.com/lynis/ Enterprise support and plugins available via CISOfy
################################################################################
[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
Usage: lynis [options] mode
Mode:
audit
audit system : Perform security scan
audit dockerfile : Analyze Dockerfile
update
update info : Show update details
update release : Update Lynis release
Scan options:
--auditor "" : Auditor name
--dump-options : See all available options
--no-log : Don't create a log file
--pentest : Non-privileged scan (useful for pentest)
--profile : Scan the system with the given profile file
--quick (-Q) : Quick mode, don't wait for user input
--tests "" : Run only tests defined by
--tests-category "" : Run only tests defined by
Layout options:
--no-colors : Don't use colors in output
--quiet (-q) : No output, except warnings
--reverse-colors : Optimize color display for light backgrounds
...............................................................................................要启动Lynis进程，必须定义–check-all参数以开始扫描整个Linux系统，如下所示–
# ./lynis --check-all
样本输出应如下所示–
[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
- Detecting OS... [ DONE ]
---------------------------------------------------
Program version: 2.2.0
Operating system: Linux
Operating system name: Ubuntu
Operating system version: 16.04
Kernel version: 4.4.0
Hardware platform: x86_64
Hostname: linux
Auditor: [Unknown]
Profile: ./default.prf
Log file: /var/log/lynis.log
Report file: /var/log/lynis-report.dat
Report version: 1.0
Plugin directory: ./plugins
---------------------------------------------------
- Checking profile file (./default.prf)...
- Program update status... [ NO UPDATE ]
[+] System Tools
------------------------------------
- Scanning available tools...
- Checking system binaries...
[+] Plugins (phase 1)
------------------------------------
Note: plugins have more extensive tests, which may take a few minutes to complete
- Plugins enabled [ NONE ]
[+] Boot and services
------------------------------------
- Service Manager [ systemd ]
- Checking UEFI boot [ ENABLED ]
- Checking Secure Boot [ DISABLED ]
- Checking presence GRUB2 [ FOUND ]
- Checking for password protection [ WARNING ]
- Check running services (systemctl) [ DONE ]
Result: found 31 running services
- Check enabled services at boot (systemctl) [ DONE ]
Result: found 38 enabled services
- Check startup files (permissions) [ OK ]创建LynisCronjobs
要为系统的每日扫描报告创建LyniscronJobs，请使用以下命令-
# crontab -e
样本输出应如下所示–
# crontab -e# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron. # # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line # indicating with different fields when the task will be run # and what command to run for the task # # To define the time you can provide concrete values for # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon), # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system # daemon's notion of time and timezones. # # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected). # # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts # at 5 a.m every week with: # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
添加以下行以每天晚上10:30运行cron作业
3022***root /path/to/lynis -c -Q --auditor "automated" --cronjob
更新Lynis
更新Lynis，请使用以下命令-
# ./lynis update info [Show update details] # ./lynis update release [Update Lynis release]
在阅读完本文之后，您将能够理解–“如何安装Lynis2.2.0”。在我们的下一篇文章中，我们将提出更多基于Linux的技巧。继续阅读！