如何使用JDBC API向现有表中添加新列？
您可以使用ALTERTABLE命令将新列添加到表中。
语法
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
假设我们在数据库中有一个名为Sales的表，其中有5列，分别是ProductName，CustomerName，DispatchDate，DeliveryTime，Price和Location，如下所示：
+-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+ | ProductName | CustomerName | DispatchDate | DeliveryTime | Price | Location | +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+ | Key-Board | Raja | 2019-09-01 | 08:51:36 | 7000 | Hyderabad | | Earphones | Roja | 2019-05-01 | 05:54:28 | 2000 | Vishakhapatnam | | Mouse | Puja | 2019-03-01 | 04:26:38 | 3000 | Vijayawada | | Mobile | Vanaja | 2019-03-01 | 04:26:35 | 9000 | Vijayawada | | Headset | Jalaja | 2019-04-06 | 05:19:16 | 6000 | Vijayawada | +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+
接下来的JDBC程序建立与MySQL数据库的连接，并在Sales表中添加一个名为ID的新列并进行填充。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class AddingColumn {
public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException {
//Registering the Driver
DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
//Getting the connection
String mysqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/mydatabase";
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(mysqlUrl, "root", "password");
System.out.println("Connection established......");
//Creating the Statement
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
//Query to alter the table
String query = "ALTER TABLE Sales ADD ID INT NOT NULL";
//Executing the query
stmt.executeUpdate(query);
System.out.println("Column added......");
//inserting values in to the added column
PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE sales SET id = ? where ProductName = ");
pstmt.setInt(1, 1);
pstmt.setString(2,"Key-Board");
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.setInt(1, 2);
pstmt.setString(2,"Earphones");
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.setInt(1, 3);
pstmt.setString(2,"Mouse");
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.setInt(1, 4);
pstmt.setString(2,"Mobile");
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.setInt(1, 5);
pstmt.setString(2,"Headset");
pstmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("Values inserted......");
}
}输出结果
Connection established...... Column added...... Values inserted in the added column
由于我们已添加一列，因此，如果您使用SELECT命令检索Sales表的内容，则可以观察到7列，另外还有名为id的列：
select * from Sales; +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+----+ | ProductName | CustomerName | DispatchDate | DeliveryTime | Price | Location | ID | +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+----+ | Key-Board | Raja | 2019-09-01 | 08:51:36 | 7000 | Hyderabad | 1 | | Earphones | Roja | 2019-05-01 | 05:54:28 | 2000 | Vishakhapatnam | 2 | | Mouse | Puja | 2019-03-01 | 04:26:38 | 3000 | Vijayawada | 3 | | Mobile | Vanaja | 2019-03-01 | 04:26:35 | 9000 | Chennai | 4 | | Headset | Jalaja | 2019-03-01 | 05:19:16 | 6000 | Delhi | 5 | +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+----+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)