如何使用JDBC API将主键约束添加到数据库中表的列?
您可以使用ALTERTABLE命令将主键约束添加到表的列。
语法
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2...);
假设我们在数据库中有一个名为Dispatches的表,其中有7列,分别是id,CustomerName,DispatchDate,DeliveryTime,Price和Location,其描述如下所示:
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
以下JDBC程序建立与MySQL数据库的连接,并向名为id的列添加主键约束。
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; public class Adding_PrimaryKey_Constraint { public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException { //注册驱动程序 DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver()); //获得连接 String mysqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/mydatabase"; Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(mysqlUrl, "root", "password"); System.out.println("Connection established......"); //创建语句 Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); //查询更改表 String query = "ALTER TABLE Sales ADD CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey PRIMARY KEY(ID)"; //执行查询 stmt.executeUpdate(query); System.out.println("Constraint added......"); } }
输出结果
Connection established...... Constraint added......
由于我们在名为id列的列上添加了主要约束,因此,如果使用describe命令获得Sales表的描述,则可以观察到键值PRI与Id相反添加。
mysql> describe sales; +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)