如何使用JDBC API在数据库的表的列中添加唯一键约束?
您可以使用ALTERTABLE命令向列添加唯一约束
语法
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint UNIQUE(column1, column2...);
假设我们在数据库中有一个名为Dispatches的表,其中有7列,分别是id,CustomerName,DispatchDate,DeliveryTime,Price和Location,其描述如下所示:
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | No | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
以下JDBC程序建立与MySQL数据库的连接,并向名为CustomerName的列添加UNIQUE约束。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class UniqueKey_Constraint {
public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException {
//注册驱动程序
DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
//获得连接
String mysqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/mydatabase";
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(mysqlUrl, "root", "password");
System.out.println("Connection established......");
//创建语句
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
//查询更改表
String query = "ALTER TABLE Sales ADD CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint UNIQUE(ProductName)";
//执行查询
stmt.executeUpdate(query);
System.out.println("Constraint added......");
}
}输出结果
Connection established...... Constraint added......
由于我们在名为ProductName的列上添加了UNIQUE约束,因此,如果使用describe命令获得Sales表的描述,则可以观察到键值UNI与ProductName相反添加。
mysql> describe sales; +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | UNI | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)