构造函数可以在Java中引发异常吗?
甲构造用于创建时初始化对象。从语法上讲,它类似于一种方法。区别在于,构造函数的名称与其类相同,并且没有返回类型。
无需显式调用构造函数,这些构造函数会在实例化时自动调用。
示例
public class Example {
public Example(){
System.out.println("This is the constructor of the class example");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Example obj = new Example();
}
}输出结果
This is the constructor of the class example
构造函数抛出异常
是的,就像方法一样,您可以从构造函数中抛出异常。但是,如果这样做,则需要在调用构造函数的方法处捕获/抛出(处理)异常。如果您不编译,则会生成错误。
示例
在下面的示例中,我们有一个名为Employee的类,该类的构造函数抛出IOException,我们在不处理异常的情况下实例化了该类。因此,如果您编译该程序,它将生成一个编译时错误。
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
class Employee{
private String name;
private int age;
File empFile;
Employee(String name, int age, String empFile) throws IOException{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.empFile = new File(empFile);
new FileWriter(empFile).write("Employee name is "+name+"and age is "+age);
}
public void display(){
System.out.println("Name: "+name);
System.out.println("Age: "+age);
}
}
public class ConstructorExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String filePath = "samplefile.txt";
Employee emp = new Employee("Krishna", 25, filePath);
}
}编译时错误
ConstructorExample.java:23: error: unreported exception IOException; must be caught or declared to be thrown
Employee emp = new Employee("Krishna", 25, filePath);
^
1 error示例
为了使该程序正常工作,请将实例化行包装在try-catch中,或者引发异常。
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
class Employee{
private String name;
private int age;
File empFile;
Employee(String name, int age, String empFile) throws IOException{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.empFile = new File(empFile);
new FileWriter(empFile).write("Employee name is "+name+"and age is "+age);
}
public void display(){
System.out.println("Name: "+name);
System.out.println("Age: "+age);
}
}
public class ConstructorExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String filePath = "samplefile.txt";
Employee emp = null;
try {
emp = new Employee("Krishna", 25, filePath);
}catch(IOException ex) {
System.out.println("Specified file not found");
}
emp.display();
}
}输出结果
Name: Krishna Age: 25