浅谈php扩展imagick
PHP建图通常都用GD库,因为是内置的不需要在服务器上额外安装插件,所以用起来比较省心,但是如果你的程序主要的功能就是处理图像,那麼就不建议用GD了,因为GD不但低效能而且能力也比较弱,佔用的系统资源也颇多,另外GD的creatfrom也有bug,而imagick却是一个很好的替代品,为此最近把我的一个项目由GD改成了imagick,但是改完之后出现了一些状况在此分享给大家.
首先说一下我这边出现的状况:
状况一:需要重写图像操作class
状况二:imagick多线程时会导致cpu使用率暴增到100%
在此顺便提一下imagick在centos6.4的安装方法:
1、安装ImageMagick
wgethttp://soft.vpser.net/web/imagemagick/ImageMagick-6.7.1-2.tar.gz tarzxvfImageMagick-6.7.1-2.tar.gz cdImageMagick-6.7.1-2/ ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/imagemagick--disable-openmp make&&makeinstall ldconfig
测试ImageMagick是否可以正常运行:
/usr/local/imagemagick/bin/convert-version
2、安装PHP扩展:imagick
wgethttp://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.0.1.tgz tarzxvfimagick-3.0.1.tgz cdimagick-3.0.1/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config--with-imagick=/usr/local/imagemagick make&&makeinstall ldconfig vi/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 添加:extension="imagick.so"
重启lnmp
/root/lnmpreload
接下来我们针对上述两个状况分别提出解决办法:
状况一的解决办法如下:
/** Imagick图像处理类 用法: //引入Imagick物件 if(!defined('CLASS_IMAGICK')){require(Inc.'class_imagick.php');} $Imagick=newclass_imagick(); $Imagick->open('a.gif'); $Imagick->resize_to(100,100,'scale_fill'); $Imagick->add_text('1024i.com',10,20); $Imagick->add_watermark('1024i.gif',10,50); $Imagick->save_to('x.gif'); unset($Imagick); /**/ define('CLASS_IMAGICK',TRUE); classclass_imagick{ private$image=null; private$type=null; //构造 publicfunction__construct(){} //析构 publicfunction__destruct(){ if($this->image!==null){$this->image->destroy();} } //载入图像 publicfunctionopen($path){ if(!file_exists($path)){ $this->image=null; return; } $this->image=newImagick($path); if($this->image){ $this->type=strtolower($this->image->getImageFormat()); } $this->image->stripImage(); return$this->image; } /** 图像裁切 /**/ publicfunctioncrop($x=0,$y=0,$width=null,$height=null){ if($width==null)$width=$this->image->getImageWidth()-$x; if($height==null)$height=$this->image->getImageHeight()-$y; if($width<=0||$height<=0)return; if($this->type=='gif'){ $image=$this->image; $canvas=newImagick(); $images=$image->coalesceImages(); foreach($imagesas$frame){ $img=newImagick(); $img->readImageBlob($frame); $img->cropImage($width,$height,$x,$y); $canvas->addImage($img); $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); } $image->destroy(); $this->image=$canvas; }else{ $this->image->cropImage($width,$height,$x,$y); } } /** 更改图像大小 参数: $width:新的宽度 $height:新的高度 $fit:适应大小 'force':把图像强制改为$widthX$height 'scale':按比例在$widthX$height内缩放图片,结果不完全等於$widthX$height 'scale_fill':按比例在$widthX$height内缩放图片,没有像素的地方填充顏色$fill_color=array(255,255,255)(红,绿,蓝,透明度[0不透明-127全透明]) 其他:智能模式,缩放图片并从正中裁切$widthX$height的大小 注意: $fit='force','scale','scale_fill'时输出完整图像 $fit=图像方位时输出指定位置部份的图像 字母与图像的对应关系如下: north_west north north_east west center east south_west south south_east /**/ publicfunctionresize_to($width=100,$height=100,$fit='center',$fill_color=array(255,255,255,0)){ switch($fit){ case'force': if($this->type=='gif'){ $image=$this->image; $canvas=newImagick(); $images=$image->coalesceImages(); foreach($imagesas$frame){ $img=newImagick(); $img->readImageBlob($frame); $img->thumbnailImage($width,$height,false); $canvas->addImage($img); $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); } $image->destroy(); $this->image=$canvas; }else{ $this->image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,false); } break; case'scale': if($this->type=='gif'){ $image=$this->image; $images=$image->coalesceImages(); $canvas=newImagick(); foreach($imagesas$frame){ $img=newImagick(); $img->readImageBlob($frame); $img->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); $canvas->addImage($img); $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); } $image->destroy(); $this->image=$canvas; }else{ $this->image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); } break; case'scale_fill': $size=$this->image->getImagePage(); $src_width=$size['width']; $src_height=$size['height']; $x=0; $y=0; $dst_width=$width; $dst_height=$height; if($src_width*$height>$src_height*$width){ $dst_height=intval($width*$src_height/$src_width); $y=intval(($height-$dst_height)/2); }else{ $dst_width=intval($height*$src_width/$src_height); $x=intval(($width-$dst_width)/2); } $image=$this->image; $canvas=newImagick(); $color='rgba('.$fill_color[0].','.$fill_color[1].','.$fill_color[2].','.$fill_color[3].')'; if($this->type=='gif'){ $images=$image->coalesceImages(); foreach($imagesas$frame){ $frame->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); $draw=newImagickDraw(); $draw->composite($frame->getImageCompose(),$x,$y,$dst_width,$dst_height,$frame); $img=newImagick(); $img->newImage($width,$height,$color,'gif'); $img->drawImage($draw); $canvas->addImage($img); $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); } }else{ $image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); $draw=newImagickDraw(); $draw->composite($image->getImageCompose(),$x,$y,$dst_width,$dst_height,$image); $canvas->newImage($width,$height,$color,$this->get_type()); $canvas->drawImage($draw); $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); } $image->destroy(); $this->image=$canvas; break; default: $size=$this->image->getImagePage(); $src_width=$size['width']; $src_height=$size['height']; $crop_x=0; $crop_y=0; $crop_w=$src_width; $crop_h=$src_height; if($src_width*$height>$src_height*$width){ $crop_w=intval($src_height*$width/$height); }else{ $crop_h=intval($src_width*$height/$width); } switch($fit){ case'north_west': $crop_x=0; $crop_y=0; break; case'north': $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); $crop_y=0; break; case'north_east': $crop_x=$src_width-$crop_w; $crop_y=0; break; case'west': $crop_x=0; $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); break; case'center': $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); break; case'east': $crop_x=$src_width-$crop_w; $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); break; case'south_west': $crop_x=0; $crop_y=$src_height-$crop_h; break; case'south': $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); $crop_y=$src_height-$crop_h; break; case'south_east': $crop_x=$src_width-$crop_w; $crop_y=$src_height-$crop_h; break; default: $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); } $image=$this->image; $canvas=newImagick(); if($this->type=='gif'){ $images=$image->coalesceImages(); foreach($imagesas$frame){ $img=newImagick(); $img->readImageBlob($frame); $img->cropImage($crop_w,$crop_h,$crop_x,$crop_y); $img->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); $canvas->addImage($img); $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); } }else{ $image->cropImage($crop_w,$crop_h,$crop_x,$crop_y); $image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); $canvas->addImage($image); $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); } $image->destroy(); $this->image=$canvas; } } /** 添加图片水印 参数: $path:水印图片(包含完整路径) $x,$y:水印座标 /**/ publicfunctionadd_watermark($path,$x=0,$y=0){ $watermark=newImagick($path); $draw=newImagickDraw(); $draw->composite($watermark->getImageCompose(),$x,$y,$watermark->getImageWidth(),$watermark->getimageheight(),$watermark); if($this->type=='gif'){ $image=$this->image; $canvas=newImagick(); $images=$image->coalesceImages(); foreach($imageas$frame){ $img=newImagick(); $img->readImageBlob($frame); $img->drawImage($draw); $canvas->addImage($img); $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); } $image->destroy(); $this->image=$canvas; }else{ $this->image->drawImage($draw); } } /** 添加文字水印 参数: $text:水印文字 $x,$y:水印座标 /**/ publicfunctionadd_text($text,$x=0,$y=0,$angle=0,$style=array()){ $draw=newImagickDraw(); if(isset($style['font']))$draw->setFont($style['font']); if(isset($style['font_size']))$draw->setFontSize($style['font_size']); if(isset($style['fill_color']))$draw->setFillColor($style['fill_color']); if(isset($style['under_color']))$draw->setTextUnderColor($style['under_color']); if($this->type=='gif'){ foreach($this->imageas$frame){ $frame->annotateImage($draw,$x,$y,$angle,$text); } }else{ $this->image->annotateImage($draw,$x,$y,$angle,$text); } } /** 图片存档 参数: $path:存档的位置和新的档案名 /**/ publicfunctionsave_to($path){ $this->image->stripImage(); switch($this->type){ case'gif': $this->image->writeImages($path,true); return; case'jpg': case'jpeg': $this->image->setImageCompressionQuality($_ENV['ImgQ']); $this->image->writeImage($path); return; case'png': $flag=$this->image->getImageAlphaChannel(); //如果png背景不透明则压缩 if(imagick::ALPHACHANNEL_UNDEFINED==$flagorimagick::ALPHACHANNEL_DEACTIVATE==$flag){ $this->image->setImageType(imagick::IMGTYPE_PALETTE); $this->image->writeImage($path); }else{ $this->image->writeImage($path); }unset($flag); return; default: $this->image->writeImage($path); return; } } //直接输出图像到萤幕 publicfunctionoutput($header=true){ if($header)header('Content-type:'.$this->type); echo$this->image->getImagesBlob(); } /** 建立缩小图 $fit为真时,将保持比例并在$widthX$height内產生缩小图 /**/ publicfunctionthumbnail($width=100,$height=100,$fit=true){$this->image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,$fit);} /** 给图像添加边框 $width:左右边框宽度 $height:上下边框宽度 $color:顏色 /**/ publicfunctionborder($width,$height,$color='rgb(220,220,220)'){ $color=newImagickPixel(); $color->setColor($color); $this->image->borderImage($color,$width,$height); } //取得图像宽度 publicfunctionget_width(){$size=$this->image->getImagePage();return$size['width'];} //取得图像高度 publicfunctionget_height(){$size=$this->image->getImagePage();return$size['height'];} //设置图像类型 publicfunctionset_type($type='png'){$this->type=$type;$this->image->setImageFormat($type);} //取得图像类型 publicfunctionget_type(){return$this->type;} publicfunctionblur($radius,$sigma){$this->image->blurImage($radius,$sigma);}//模糊 publicfunctiongaussian_blur($radius,$sigma){$this->image->gaussianBlurImage($radius,$sigma);}//高斯模糊 publicfunctionmotion_blur($radius,$sigma,$angle){$this->image->motionBlurImage($radius,$sigma,$angle);}//运动模糊 publicfunctionradial_blur($radius){$this->image->radialBlurImage($radius);}//径向模糊 publicfunctionadd_noise($type=null){$this->image->addNoiseImage($type==null?imagick::NOISE_IMPULSE:$type);}//添加噪点 publicfunctionlevel($black_point,$gamma,$white_point){$this->image->levelImage($black_point,$gamma,$white_point);}//调整色阶 publicfunctionmodulate($brightness,$saturation,$hue){$this->image->modulateImage($brightness,$saturation,$hue);}//调整亮度,饱和度,色调 publicfunctioncharcoal($radius,$sigma){$this->image->charcoalImage($radius,$sigma);}//素描效果 publicfunctionoil_paint($radius){$this->image->oilPaintImage($radius);}//油画效果 publicfunctionflop(){$this->image->flopImage();}//水平翻转 publicfunctionflip(){$this->image->flipImage();}//垂直翻转 }
状况二的解决办法如下:
首先用/usr/local/imagemagick/bin/convert-version指令查看一下输出内容是否已经开啟了多线程,Features:的值为空说明是单线程,如果Features:的值是openMP说明是多线程.imagick的多线程模式有一个bug,他会导致多核心的cpu使用率瞬间飆升到100所以一定要使用它的单线程模式才行.
Version:ImageMagick6.7.1-22014-05-29Q16http://www.imagemagick.org Copyright:Copyright(C)1999-2011ImageMagickStudioLLC Features:
上边是我配置正确时显示的结果,如果没有配置正确会显示下边的结果
Version:ImageMagick6.7.1-22014-05-29Q16http://www.imagemagick.org Copyright:Copyright(C)1999-2011ImageMagickStudioLLC Features:openMP
第一种结果是单线程模式,第二种结果是多线程模式,因为imagick的多线程模式有bug,所以如果您刚开始是用多线程模式安装的imagick那就必须要yumremoveimagemagick将其卸载掉重新安装才行.
经过重写class,重装imagick之后一切正常,而且处理图像的效能比之以前有了大幅提升