Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总
原则,以datetime为中心,起点或中转,转化为目标对象,涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理
步骤:
1.掌握几种对象及其关系
2.了解每类对象的基本操作方法
3.通过转化关系转化
涉及对象
1.datetime
>>>importdatetime >>>now=datetime.datetime.now() >>>now datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,9,12,946118) >>>type(now) <type'datetime.datetime'>
2.timestamp
>>>importtime >>>time.time() 1421075455.568243
3.timetuple
>>>importtime >>>time.localtime() time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=10,tm_sec=30,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=0)
4.string
>>>importdatetime
>>>datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-1223:13:08'
5.date
>>>importdatetime >>>datetime.datetime.now().date() datetime.date(2015,1,12)
datetime基本操作
1.获取当前datetime
>>>importdatetime >>>datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,26,24,475680)
2.获取当天date
>>>datetime.date.today() datetime.date(2015,1,12)
3.获取明天/前N天
明天
>>>datetime.date.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=1) datetime.date(2015,1,13)
三天前
>>>datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,38,55,492226) >>>datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=3) datetime.datetime(2015,1,9,23,38,57,59363)
4.获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:0023:59:59)
>>>datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.min) datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,0,0) >>>datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.max) datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,59,59,999999)
5.获取两个datetime的时间差
>>>(datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0)-datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds() 44747.768075
6.获取本周/本月/上月最后一天
本周
>>>today=datetime.date.today() >>>today datetime.date(2015,1,12) >>>sunday=today+datetime.timedelta(6-today.weekday()) >>>sunday datetime.date(2015,1,18)
本月
>>>importcalendar >>>today=datetime.date.today() >>>_,last_day_num=calendar.monthrange(today.year,today.month) >>>last_day=datetime.date(today.year,today.month,last_day_num) >>>last_day datetime.date(2015,1,31)
获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)
>>>importdatetime >>>today=datetime.date.today() >>>first=datetime.date(day=1,month=today.month,year=today.year) >>>lastMonth=first-datetime.timedelta(days=1)
关系转换
几个关系之间的转化
DatetimeObject/String/timestamp/timetuple
关系转换例子
datetime<=>string
datetime->string
>>>importdatetime
>>>datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-1223:13:08'
string->datetime
>>>importdatetime
>>>datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-3118:20:10","%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S")
datetime.datetime(2014,12,31,18,20,10)
datetime<=>timetuple
datetime->timetuple
>>>importdatetime >>>datetime.datetime.now().timetuple() time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=17,tm_sec=59,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=-1)
timetuple->datetime
timetuple=>timestamp=>datetime[看后面datetime<=>timestamp]
datetime<=>date
datetime->date
>>>importdatetime >>>datetime.datetime.now().date() datetime.date(2015,1,12)
date->datetime
>>>datetime.date.today() datetime.date(2015,1,12) >>>today=datetime.date.today() >>>datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time()) datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,0,0) >>>datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time.min) datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,0,0)
datetime<=>timestamp
datetime->timestamp
>>>now=datetime.datetime.now() >>>timestamp=time.mktime(now.timetuple()) >>>timestamp 1421077403.0
timestamp->datetime
>>>datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0) datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,43,23)