C++实现动态绑定代码分享
C++实现动态绑定代码分享
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
usingnamespacestd;
classBookItem
{
private:
stringbookName;
size_tcnt;
public:
BookItem(conststring&s,size_tc,doublep):
bookName(s),cnt(c),price(p)
{}
~BookItem(){}
protected:
doubleprice;
public:
doublebookPrice()
{
returnthis->price;
}
stringgetBookName()
{
returnthis->bookName;
}
size_tgetBookCount()
{
returnthis->cnt;
}
virtualdoublemoney()
{
returncnt*price;
}
virtualvoidcostMoney()
{
cout<<money()<<endl;
}
};
classBookBatchItem:publicBookItem
{
private:
stringbookName;
size_tcnt;
public:
BookBatchItem(conststring&s,size_tc,doublep,doublediscountRate):
BookItem(s,c,p),cnt(c),discount(discountRate)
{}
~BookBatchItem(){}
private:
doublediscount;
public:
doublemoney()
{
if(cnt>=10)
returncnt*price*(1.0-discount);
else
returncnt*price;
}
voidcostMoney()
{
cout<<money()<<endl;
//cout<<cnt<<endl;
//cout<<price<<endl;
//cout<<discount<<endl;
//cout<<"..."<<endl;
}
};
intmain()
{
BookItemb1("UncleTom'shouse",11,12.5);
b1.costMoney();
BookBatchItemb2("Gonewithwind",11,12.5,0.12);
b2.costMoney();
BookItem*pb=&b1;
pb->costMoney();
pb=&b2;
pb->costMoney();
return0;
}
只有采用“指针->函数()”或“引用.函数()”的方式调用C++类中的虚函数才会执行动态绑定,非虚函数并不具备动态绑定的特征,不管采用任何方式调用都不行。
下面代码中,一个java或者C#的程序员容易犯的一个错误。
classBase
{
public:
Base(){p=newchar;}
~Base(){deletep;}
private:
char*p;
};
classDerived:publicBase
{
public:
Derived(){d=newchar[10];}
~Derived(){delete[]d;}
private:
char*d;
};
intmain()
{
Base*pA=newDerived();
deletepA;
Derived*pA=newDerived();
deletepA;
}
代码中:
执行deletepA时,直接执行~Base析构函数,不会执行~Derived析构函数的,原因在于析构函数不是虚函数。
执行deletepB时,先执行~Derived()然后再执行~Base()。
相比之下,java和C#中,所有的函数调用都是动态绑定的。
关于C++的成员函数调用与绑定方式,可以通过下面的代码测试:
classBase
{
public:
virtualvoidFunc(){cout<<"Base"<<endl;}
};
classDerived:publicBase
{
public:
virtualvoidFunc(){cout<<"Derived"<<endl;}
};
intmain()
{
Derivedobj;
Base*p1=&obj;
Base&p2=obj;
Baseobj2;
obj.Func();//静态绑定,Derived的func
p1->Func();//动态绑定,Derived的func
(*p1).Func();//动态绑定,Derived的func
p2.Func();//动态绑定,Derived的func
obj2.Func();//静态绑定,Base的func
return0;
}
可以看出“对象名.函数()”属于静态绑定,当然,使用指针转换为对象的方式应该属于指针调用那一类了,至于“类名::函数()”毫无疑问属于静态绑定。