AngularJS实现表单手动验证和表单自动验证
AngularJS的表单验证大致有两种，一种是手动验证，一种是自动验证。
一、手动验证
所谓手动验证是通过AngularJS表单的属性来验证。而成为AngularJS表单必须满足两个条件：
1、给form元素加上novalidate="novalidate"；
2、给form元素加上name="theForm"，如下：
<!DOCTYPEhtml>
<htmllang="en"ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
<metacharset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav>
<divclass="container">
<divclass="navbar-header">
<ahref="/"class="navbar-brand">FormSubmitting</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<divclass="containermain-content"ng-controller="myCtrl1">
<!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->
<!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->
<formng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)"novalidate="novalidate"name="theForm">
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="name">Name</label>
<inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="name"ng-model="formModel.name"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group"ng-class="{
'has-error':!theForm.email.$valid&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted),
'has-success':theForm.email.$valid&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted)
}">
<labelfor="email">Email</label>
<inputtype="email"class="form-control"id="email"ng-model="formModel.email"required="required"name="email"/>
<pclass="help-block"ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted)">必填</p>
<pclass="help-block"ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正确</p>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="username">Username</label>
<inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="username"ng-model="formModel.username"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="age">Age</label>
<inputtype="number"class="form-control"id="age"ng-model="formModel.age"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="sex">Sex</label>
<selectname="sex"id="sex"class="form-control"ng-model="formModel.sex">
<optionvalue="">Pleasechoose</option>
<optionvalue="male">Mail</option>
<optionvalue="femail">Femail</option>
</select>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="password">Password</label>
<inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="password"ng-model="formModel.password"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"type="submit">Register</button>
</div>
<pre>
{{theForm|json}}
</pre>
</form>
</div>
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="second.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
●给form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味着表单将不再使用HTML5验证特性
●给form加上name="theForm"意味着表单的名称是theForm。如何使用theForm,比如我们验证表单是否被修改过theForm.$submitted
●通过ng-submit提交表单
●formModel是$scope中的一个属性
●对表单的Email进行了手动验证，使用了AngularJS表单的众多属性，比如theForm.email.$valid，theForm.$pristine，theForm.$submitted，theForm.email.$error.required，theForm.email.$error.email
●通过<pre>{{theForm|json}}</pre>把AngularJS表单的所有属性都打印出来
{
"$error":{
"required":[
{
"$validators":{},
"$asyncValidators":{},
"$parsers":[],
"$formatters":[
null
],
"$viewChangeListeners":[],
"$untouched":true,
"$touched":false,
"$pristine":true,
"$dirty":false,
"$valid":false,
"$invalid":true,
"$error":{
"required":true
},
"$name":"email",
"$options":null
}
]
},
"$name":"theForm",
"$dirty":false,
"$pristine":true,
"$valid":false,
"$invalid":true,
"$submitted":false,
"email":{
"$validators":{},
"$asyncValidators":{},
"$parsers":[],
"$formatters":[
null
],
"$viewChangeListeners":[],
"$untouched":true,
"$touched":false,
"$pristine":true,
"$dirty":false,
"$valid":false,
"$invalid":true,
"$error":{
"required":true
},
"$name":"email",
"$options":null
},
"sex":{
"$validators":{},
"$asyncValidators":{},
"$parsers":[],
"$formatters":[],
"$viewChangeListeners":[],
"$untouched":true,
"$touched":false,
"$pristine":true,
"$dirty":false,
"$valid":true,
"$invalid":false,
"$error":{},
"$name":"sex",
"$options":null
}
}
以上，凡是有name属性的input都被显示在上面。
在second.js文件中定义了module,controller以及提交表单的方法。
varmyApp1=angular.module('myApp1',[]);
myApp1.controller('myCtrl1',function($scope,$http){
$scope.formModel={};
$scope.onSubmit=function(){
$http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel)
.success(function(data){
console.log(':)');
})
.error(function(data){
console.log(':(');
});
console.log($scope.formModel);
};
});
以上的表单验证方式好处是可控性强，但相对繁琐。
二、自动验证
AngularJS的另外一种表单验证方式是自动验证，即通过directive来实现，除了AngularJS自带的directive,还需要用到angular-auto-validate这个第三方module。
有关angular-auto-validate：
●安装：npmiangular-auto-validate
●引用：<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
●module依赖：varmyApp=angular.module("app",["jcs-autoValidate"]);
为了实现错误信息本地化，还需要angular-localize这个第三方module：
●安装：npminstallangular-localize--save
●module依赖：varmyApp=angular.module("app",["localize"]);
●引用：
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
此外，当点击提交表单按钮，需要禁用按钮并显示一种等待效果，需要用到angular-ladda这个第三方module:
●安装：bowerinstallangular-ladda--save
●module依赖：varmyApp=angular.module("app",["angular-ladda"]);
●引用：
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
页面如下：
<!DOCTYPEhtml>
<htmllang="en"ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
<metacharset="gb2312">
<title></title>
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav>
<divclass="container">
<divclass="navbar-header">
<ahref="/"class="navbar-brand">FormValidatingAuto</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<divclass="containermain-content"ng-controller="myCtrl1">
<!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->
<!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->
<formng-submit="onSubmit()"novalidate="novalidate">
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="name"class="control-label">Name</label>
<inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="name"ng-model="formModel.name"required="required"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="email"class="control-label">Email</label>
<inputtype="email"class="form-control"id="email"ng-model="formModel.email"required="required"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="username"class="control-label">Username</label>
<inputtype="text"
class="form-control"
id="username"
ng-model="formModel.username"
required="required"
ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/"
ng-minlength="7"
ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername"
/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="age"class="control-label">Age</label>
<inputtype="number"
class="form-control"
id="age"
ng-model="formModel.age"
required="required"
min="18"
max="65"
ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="sex"class="control-label">Sex</label>
<selectname="sex"id="sex"class="form-control"ng-model="formModel.sex"required="required">
<optionvalue="">Pleasechoose</option>
<optionvalue="male">Mail</option>
<optionvalue="femail">Femail</option>
</select>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<labelfor="password"class="control-label">Password</label>
<inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="password"ng-model="formModel.password"required="required"ng-minlength="6"/>
</div>
<divclass="form-group">
<!--<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"
ladda="submitting"
data-style="expand-right"
type="submit">
<spanng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>
<spanng-show="!submitting">注册</span>
</button>
</div>
<pre>
{{formModel|json}}
</pre>
</form>
</div>
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="form_validation_auto.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<scriptsrc="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
以上，先看提交按钮：
<div> <!--<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>--> <buttonclass="btnbtn-primary" ladda="submitting" data-style="expand-right" type="submit"> <spanng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span> <spanng-show="!submitting">注册</span> </button> </div>
●ladda属性值为bool值，true表示显示动态等待效果，false不显示动态等待效果，这里的submitting是scope中的一个属性
●data-style="expand-right"表示在按钮的右侧显示动态等待效果
再拿表单中的Age字段来说：
<div> <labelfor="age"class="control-label">Age</label> <inputtype="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age" required="required" min="18" max="65" ng-min-err-type="tooYoung" ng-max-err-type="tooOld" /> </div>
其中,min,max为AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。这里遵循的惯例是ng-AngularJS表单验证的directive名称-err-type，而tooYoung和tooOld的作用是什么，又是在哪里用上了呢？
是在module层面用上了，定义在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。
varmyApp1=angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']);
myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){
defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){
errorMessages['tooYoung']='年龄必须小于{0}';
errorMessages['tooOld']='年龄不能大于{0}';
errorMessages['badUsername']='用户名只能包含数字、字母或下划线';
});
});
myApp1.controller('myCtrl1',function($scope,$http){
$scope.formModel={};
$scope.submitting=false;
$scope.onSubmit=function(){
$scope.submitting=true;
console.log('已提交');
console.log($scope.formModel);
$http.post('url',$scope.formModel)
.success(function(data){
console.log(':)');
$scope.submitting=false;
})
.error(function(data){
console.log(':(');
$scope.submitting=false;
});
};
});
以上，在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服务，对错误信息进行为了自定义。页面上的tooYoung和tooOld和这里的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']对应。
本文的全部内容就为大家介绍到这里，希望对大家学习AngularJS实现表单验证有所帮助。