AngularJS实现表单手动验证和表单自动验证
AngularJS的表单验证大致有两种,一种是手动验证,一种是自动验证。
一、手动验证
所谓手动验证是通过AngularJS表单的属性来验证。而成为AngularJS表单必须满足两个条件:
1、给form元素加上novalidate="novalidate";
2、给form元素加上name="theForm",如下:
<!DOCTYPEhtml> <htmllang="en"ng-app="myApp1"> <head> <metacharset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <linkrel="stylesheet"href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/> <linkrel="stylesheet"href="../css/main.css"/> </head> <body> <nav> <divclass="container"> <divclass="navbar-header"> <ahref="/"class="navbar-brand">FormSubmitting</a> </div> </div> </nav> <divclass="containermain-content"ng-controller="myCtrl1"> <!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证--> <!--theForm变成scope的一个字段--> <formng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)"novalidate="novalidate"name="theForm"> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="name">Name</label> <inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="name"ng-model="formModel.name"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"ng-class="{ 'has-error':!theForm.email.$valid&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted), 'has-success':theForm.email.$valid&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted) }"> <labelfor="email">Email</label> <inputtype="email"class="form-control"id="email"ng-model="formModel.email"required="required"name="email"/> <pclass="help-block"ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted)">必填</p> <pclass="help-block"ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email&&(!theForm.$pristine||theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正确</p> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="username">Username</label> <inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="username"ng-model="formModel.username"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="age">Age</label> <inputtype="number"class="form-control"id="age"ng-model="formModel.age"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="sex">Sex</label> <selectname="sex"id="sex"class="form-control"ng-model="formModel.sex"> <optionvalue="">Pleasechoose</option> <optionvalue="male">Mail</option> <optionvalue="femail">Femail</option> </select> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="password">Password</label> <inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="password"ng-model="formModel.password"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"type="submit">Register</button> </div> <pre> {{theForm|json}} </pre> </form> </div> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="second.js"></script> </body> </html>
●给form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味着表单将不再使用HTML5验证特性
●给form加上name="theForm"意味着表单的名称是theForm。如何使用theForm,比如我们验证表单是否被修改过theForm.$submitted
●通过ng-submit提交表单
●formModel是$scope中的一个属性
●对表单的Email进行了手动验证,使用了AngularJS表单的众多属性,比如theForm.email.$valid,theForm.$pristine,theForm.$submitted,theForm.email.$error.required,theForm.email.$error.email
●通过<pre>{{theForm|json}}</pre>把AngularJS表单的所有属性都打印出来
{ "$error":{ "required":[ { "$validators":{}, "$asyncValidators":{}, "$parsers":[], "$formatters":[ null ], "$viewChangeListeners":[], "$untouched":true, "$touched":false, "$pristine":true, "$dirty":false, "$valid":false, "$invalid":true, "$error":{ "required":true }, "$name":"email", "$options":null } ] }, "$name":"theForm", "$dirty":false, "$pristine":true, "$valid":false, "$invalid":true, "$submitted":false, "email":{ "$validators":{}, "$asyncValidators":{}, "$parsers":[], "$formatters":[ null ], "$viewChangeListeners":[], "$untouched":true, "$touched":false, "$pristine":true, "$dirty":false, "$valid":false, "$invalid":true, "$error":{ "required":true }, "$name":"email", "$options":null }, "sex":{ "$validators":{}, "$asyncValidators":{}, "$parsers":[], "$formatters":[], "$viewChangeListeners":[], "$untouched":true, "$touched":false, "$pristine":true, "$dirty":false, "$valid":true, "$invalid":false, "$error":{}, "$name":"sex", "$options":null } }
以上,凡是有name属性的input都被显示在上面。
在second.js文件中定义了module,controller以及提交表单的方法。
varmyApp1=angular.module('myApp1',[]); myApp1.controller('myCtrl1',function($scope,$http){ $scope.formModel={}; $scope.onSubmit=function(){ $http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel) .success(function(data){ console.log(':)'); }) .error(function(data){ console.log(':('); }); console.log($scope.formModel); }; });
以上的表单验证方式好处是可控性强,但相对繁琐。
二、自动验证
AngularJS的另外一种表单验证方式是自动验证,即通过directive来实现,除了AngularJS自带的directive,还需要用到angular-auto-validate这个第三方module。
有关angular-auto-validate:
●安装:npmiangular-auto-validate
●引用:<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
●module依赖:varmyApp=angular.module("app",["jcs-autoValidate"]);
为了实现错误信息本地化,还需要angular-localize这个第三方module:
●安装:npminstallangular-localize--save
●module依赖:varmyApp=angular.module("app",["localize"]);
●引用:
<scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
此外,当点击提交表单按钮,需要禁用按钮并显示一种等待效果,需要用到angular-ladda这个第三方module:
●安装:bowerinstallangular-ladda--save
●module依赖:varmyApp=angular.module("app",["angular-ladda"]);
●引用:
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
页面如下:
<!DOCTYPEhtml> <htmllang="en"ng-app="myApp1"> <head> <metacharset="gb2312"> <title></title> <linkrel="stylesheet"href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/> <linkrel="stylesheet"href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/> <linkrel="stylesheet"href="../css/main.css"/> </head> <body> <nav> <divclass="container"> <divclass="navbar-header"> <ahref="/"class="navbar-brand">FormValidatingAuto</a> </div> </div> </nav> <divclass="containermain-content"ng-controller="myCtrl1"> <!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证--> <!--theForm变成scope的一个字段--> <formng-submit="onSubmit()"novalidate="novalidate"> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="name"class="control-label">Name</label> <inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="name"ng-model="formModel.name"required="required"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="email"class="control-label">Email</label> <inputtype="email"class="form-control"id="email"ng-model="formModel.email"required="required"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="username"class="control-label">Username</label> <inputtype="text" class="form-control" id="username" ng-model="formModel.username" required="required" ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/" ng-minlength="7" ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername" /> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="age"class="control-label">Age</label> <inputtype="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age" required="required" min="18" max="65" ng-min-err-type="tooYoung" ng-max-err-type="tooOld" /> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="sex"class="control-label">Sex</label> <selectname="sex"id="sex"class="form-control"ng-model="formModel.sex"required="required"> <optionvalue="">Pleasechoose</option> <optionvalue="male">Mail</option> <optionvalue="femail">Femail</option> </select> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <labelfor="password"class="control-label">Password</label> <inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="password"ng-model="formModel.password"required="required"ng-minlength="6"/> </div> <divclass="form-group"> <!--<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>--> <buttonclass="btnbtn-primary" ladda="submitting" data-style="expand-right" type="submit"> <spanng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span> <spanng-show="!submitting">注册</span> </button> </div> <pre> {{formModel|json}} </pre> </form> </div> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="form_validation_auto.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script> <scriptsrc="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
以上,先看提交按钮:
<div> <!--<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>--> <buttonclass="btnbtn-primary" ladda="submitting" data-style="expand-right" type="submit"> <spanng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span> <spanng-show="!submitting">注册</span> </button> </div>
●ladda属性值为bool值,true表示显示动态等待效果,false不显示动态等待效果,这里的submitting是scope中的一个属性
●data-style="expand-right"表示在按钮的右侧显示动态等待效果
再拿表单中的Age字段来说:
<div> <labelfor="age"class="control-label">Age</label> <inputtype="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age" required="required" min="18" max="65" ng-min-err-type="tooYoung" ng-max-err-type="tooOld" /> </div>
其中,min,max为AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。这里遵循的惯例是ng-AngularJS表单验证的directive名称-err-type,而tooYoung和tooOld的作用是什么,又是在哪里用上了呢?
是在module层面用上了,定义在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。
varmyApp1=angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']); myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){ defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){ errorMessages['tooYoung']='年龄必须小于{0}'; errorMessages['tooOld']='年龄不能大于{0}'; errorMessages['badUsername']='用户名只能包含数字、字母或下划线'; }); }); myApp1.controller('myCtrl1',function($scope,$http){ $scope.formModel={}; $scope.submitting=false; $scope.onSubmit=function(){ $scope.submitting=true; console.log('已提交'); console.log($scope.formModel); $http.post('url',$scope.formModel) .success(function(data){ console.log(':)'); $scope.submitting=false; }) .error(function(data){ console.log(':('); $scope.submitting=false; }); }; });
以上,在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服务,对错误信息进行为了自定义。页面上的tooYoung和tooOld和这里的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']对应。
本文的全部内容就为大家介绍到这里,希望对大家学习AngularJS实现表单验证有所帮助。