Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法详解

2024-03-21 07:10:03 159

本文实例讲述了ZendFramework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

Zend_View是ZendFramework的视图组件，MVC中的视图层。Zend_View也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下Zend_View的实现类，以及如何和Controller结合在一起的。

View的实现

Zend_View的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend#tree|grepView.php
│ └──View/
├──View.php

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend/View#tree
.
├──Abstract.php
├──Exception.php
├──Helper
│ ├──Abstract.php
│ ├──Action.php
│ ├──BaseUrl.php
│ ├──Currency.php
│ ├──Cycle.php
│ ├──DeclareVars.php
│ ├──Doctype.php
│ ├──Fieldset.php
│ ├──FormButton.php
│ ├──FormCheckbox.php
│ ├──FormElement.php
│ ├──FormErrors.php
│ ├──FormFile.php
│ ├──FormHidden.php
│ ├──FormImage.php
│ ├──FormLabel.php
│ ├──FormMultiCheckbox.php
│ ├──FormNote.php
│ ├──FormPassword.php
│ ├──Form.php
│ ├──FormRadio.php
│ ├──FormReset.php
│ ├──FormSelect.php
│ ├──FormSubmit.php
│ ├──FormTextarea.php
│ ├──FormText.php
│ ├──Gravatar.php
│ ├──HeadLink.php
│ ├──HeadMeta.php
│ ├──HeadScript.php
│ ├──HeadStyle.php
│ ├──HeadTitle.php
│ ├──HtmlElement.php
│ ├──HtmlFlash.php
│ ├──HtmlList.php
│ ├──HtmlObject.php
│ ├──HtmlPage.php
│ ├──HtmlQuicktime.php
│ ├──InlineScript.php
│ ├──Interface.php
│ ├──Json.php
│ ├──Layout.php
│ ├──Navigation
│ │ ├──Breadcrumbs.php
│ │ ├──HelperAbstract.php
│ │ ├──Helper.php
│ │ ├──Links.php
│ │ ├──Menu.php
│ │ └──Sitemap.php
│ ├──Navigation.php
│ ├──PaginationControl.php
│ ├──Partial
│ │ └──Exception.php
│ ├──PartialLoop.php
│ ├──Partial.php
│ ├──Placeholder
│ │ ├──Container
│ │ │ ├──Abstract.php
│ │ │ ├──Exception.php
│ │ │ └──Standalone.php
│ │ ├──Container.php
│ │ ├──Registry
│ │ │ └──Exception.php
│ │ └──Registry.php
│ ├──Placeholder.php
│ ├──RenderToPlaceholder.php
│ ├──ServerUrl.php
│ ├──TinySrc.php
│ ├──Translate.php
│ ├──Url.php
│ └──UserAgent.php
├──Interface.php
└──Stream.php

6directories,70files

Zend_View和Zend_Controller的整合

主要在Zend_Controller_Action类中,

/**
*InitializeViewobject
*
*Initializes{@link$view}ifnototherwiseaZend_View_Interface.
*
*If{@link$view}isnototherwiseset,instantiatesanewZend_View
*object,usingthe'views'subdirectoryatthesamelevelasthe
*controllerdirectoryforthecurrentmoduleasthebasedirectory.
*Itusesthistosetthefollowing:
*-scriptpath=views/scripts/
*-helperpath=views/helpers/
*-filterpath=views/filters/
*
*@returnZend_View_Interface
*@throwsZend_Controller_Exceptionifbaseviewdirectorydoesnotexist
*/
publicfunctioninitView()
{
if(!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer')&&$this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')){
return$this->view;
}
require_once'Zend/View/Interface.php';
if(isset($this->view)&&($this->viewinstanceofZend_View_Interface)){
return$this->view;
}
$request=$this->getRequest();
$module=$request->getModuleName();
$dirs=$this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();
if(empty($module)||!isset($dirs[$module])){
$module=$this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();
}
$baseDir=dirname($dirs[$module]).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'views';
if(!file_exists($baseDir)||!is_dir($baseDir)){
require_once'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';
thrownewZend_Controller_Exception('Missingbaseviewdirectory("'.$baseDir.'")');
}
require_once'Zend/View.php';
$this->view=newZend_View(array('basePath'=>$baseDir));
return$this->view;
}
/**
*Renderaview
*
*Rendersaview.Bydefault,viewsarefoundintheviewscriptpathas
*<controller>/<action>.phtml.Youmaychangethescriptsuffixby
*resetting{@link$viewSuffix}.Youmayomitthecontrollerdirectory
*prefixbyspecifyingbooleantruefor$noController.
*
*Bydefault,therenderedcontentsareappendedtotheresponse.Youmay
*specifythenamedbodycontentsegmenttosetbyspecifyinga$name.
*
*@seeZend_Controller_Response_Abstract::appendBody()
*@paramstring|null$actionDefaultstoactionregisteredinrequestobject
*@paramstring|null$nameResponseobjectnamedpathsegmenttouse;defaultstonull
*@parambool$noControllerDefaultstofalse;i.e.usecontrollernameassubdirinwhichtosearchforviewscript
*@returnvoid
*/
publicfunctionrender($action=null,$name=null,$noController=false)
{
if(!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer')&&$this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')){
return$this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action,$name,$noController);
}
$view=$this->initView();
$script=$this->getViewScript($action,$noController);
$this->getResponse()->appendBody(
$view->render($script),
$name
);
}
/**
*Renderagivenviewscript
*
*Similarto{@linkrender()},thismethodrendersaviewscript.Unlikerender(),
*however,itdoesnotautodeterminetheviewscriptvia{@linkgetViewScript()},
*butinsteadrendersthescriptpassedtoit.Usethisifyouknowthe
*exactviewscriptnameandpathyouwishtouse,orifusingpathsthatdonot
*conformtothespecdefinedwithgetViewScript().
*
*Bydefault,therenderedcontentsareappendedtotheresponse.Youmay
*specifythenamedbodycontentsegmenttosetbyspecifyinga$name.
*
*@paramstring$script
*@paramstring$name
*@returnvoid
*/
publicfunctionrenderScript($script,$name=null)
{
if(!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer')&&$this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')){
return$this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script,$name);
}
$view=$this->initView();
$this->getResponse()->appendBody(
$view->render($script),
$name
);
}

Zend_View.php类

<?php
/**
*ZendFramework
*
*LICENSE
*
*ThissourcefileissubjecttothenewBSDlicensethatisbundled
*withthispackageinthefileLICENSE.txt.
*Itisalsoavailablethroughtheworld-wide-webatthisURL:
*http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
*Ifyoudidnotreceiveacopyofthelicenseandareunableto
*obtainitthroughtheworld-wide-web,pleasesendanemail
*tolicense@zend.comsowecansendyouacopyimmediately.
*
*@categoryZend
*@packageZend_View
*@copyrightCopyright(c)2005-2011ZendTechnologiesUSAInc.(http://www.zend.com)
*@licensehttp://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsdNewBSDLicense
*@version$Id:View.php237752011-03-0117:25:24Zralph$
*/
/**
*Abstractmasterclassforextension.
*/
require_once'Zend/View/Abstract.php';
/**
*Concreteclassforhandlingviewscripts.
*
*@categoryZend
*@packageZend_View
*@copyrightCopyright(c)2005-2011ZendTechnologiesUSAInc.(http://www.zend.com)
*@licensehttp://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsdNewBSDLicense
*/
classZend_ViewextendsZend_View_Abstract
{
/**
*Whetherornottousestreamstomimicshorttags
*@varbool
*/
private$_useViewStream=false;
/**
*Whetherornottousestreamwrapperifshort_open_tagisfalse
*@varbool
*/
private$_useStreamWrapper=false;
/**
*Constructor
*
*RegisterZend_View_Streamstreamwrapperifshorttagsaredisabled.
*
*@paramarray$config
*@returnvoid
*/
publicfunction__construct($config=array())
{
$this->_useViewStream=(bool)ini_get('short_open_tag')?false:true;
if($this->_useViewStream){
if(!in_array('zend.view',stream_get_wrappers())){
require_once'Zend/View/Stream.php';
stream_wrapper_register('zend.view','Zend_View_Stream');
}
}
if(array_key_exists('useStreamWrapper',$config)){
$this->setUseStreamWrapper($config['useStreamWrapper']);
}
parent::__construct($config);
}
/**
*Setflagindicatingifstreamwrappershouldbeusedifshort_open_tagisoff
*
*@parambool$flag
*@returnZend_View
*/
publicfunctionsetUseStreamWrapper($flag)
{
$this->_useStreamWrapper=(bool)$flag;
return$this;
}
/**
*Shouldthestreamwrapperbeusedifshort_open_tagisoff?
*
*@returnbool
*/
publicfunctionuseStreamWrapper()
{
return$this->_useStreamWrapper;
}
/**
*Includestheviewscriptinascopewithonlypublic$thisvariables.
*
*@paramstringTheviewscripttoexecute.
*/
protectedfunction_run()
{
if($this->_useViewStream&&$this->useStreamWrapper()){
include'zend.view://'.func_get_arg(0);
}else{
includefunc_get_arg(0);
}
}
}

默认情况会自动通过Controller会通过render方法来实例化Zend_View,然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化Zend_View，然后使用。

action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addScriptPath和setScriptPath设置视图文件的目录。

例如

$view=newZend_View();
$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/myviews');
$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/viewscomm');
//如果调用$view->render('example.php'),Zend_View将
//首先查找"/www/app/myviews/example.php",找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php",如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".

Zend_View的常用方法

publicfunction__construct($config=array())

构造函数参数

例如

array(
'escape'=>array(),
'encoding'=>array(),
);

常见key：

escape、encoding、basePath、basePathPrefix、scriptPath、helperPath、helperPathPrefix、filterPath、filterPathPrefix、filter
publicfunctiongetEngine()Returnthetemplateengineobject

publicfunctioninit()初始化函数

/**
*Givenabasepath,setsthescript,helper,andfilterpathsrelativetoit
*
*Assumesadirectorystructureof:
*<code>
*basePath/
*scripts/
*helpers/
*filters/
*</code>
*
*@paramstring$path
*@paramstring$prefixPrefixtouseforhelperandfilterpaths
*@returnZend_View_Abstract
*/
publicfunctionsetBasePath($path,$classPrefix='Zend_View')
/**
*Givenabasepath,addscript,helper,andfilterpathsrelativetoit
*
*Assumesadirectorystructureof:
*<code>
*basePath/
*scripts/
*helpers/
*filters/
*</code>
*
*@paramstring$path
*@paramstring$prefixPrefixtouseforhelperandfilterpaths
*@returnZend_View_Abstract
*/
publicfunctionaddBasePath($path,$classPrefix='Zend_View')
publicfunctionaddScriptPath($path)AddstothestackofviewscriptpathsinLIFOorder.
publicfunctionsetScriptPath($path)Resetsthestackofviewscriptpaths.
publicfunctiongetScriptPath($name)Returnfullpathtoaviewscriptspecifiedby$name
publicfunctiongetScriptPaths()Returnsanarrayofallcurrentlysetscriptpaths
publicfunctionaddHelperPath($path,$classPrefix='Zend_View_Helper_')AddstothestackofhelperpathsinLIFOorder.
publicfunctionsetHelperPath($path,$classPrefix='Zend_View_Helper_')Resetsthestackofhelperpaths.
publicfunctiongetHelperPath($name)Getfullpathtoahelperclassfilespecifiedby$name
publicfunctiongetHelperPaths()Returnsanarrayofallcurrentlysethelperpaths
publicfunctiongetHelper($name)Getahelperbyname
publicfunctiongetHelpers()Getarrayofallactivehelpers
publicfunctiongetAllPaths()Returnassociativearrayofpathtypes=>paths
publicfunctionsetEscape($spec)
/**
*Assignsvariablestotheviewscriptviadifferingstrategies.
*
*Zend_View::assign('name',$value)assignsavariablecalled'name'
*withthecorresponding$value.
*
*Zend_View::assign($array)assignsthearraykeysasvariable
*names(withthecorrespondingarrayvalues).
*
*@see__set()
*@paramstring|arrayTheassignmentstrategytouse.
*@parammixed(Optional)Ifassigninganamedvariable,usethis
*asthevalue.
*@returnZend_View_AbstractFluentinterface
*@throwsZend_View_Exceptionif$specisneitherastringnoranarray,
*orifanattempttosetaprivateorprotectedmemberisdetected
*/
publicfunctionassign($spec,$value=null)

在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。

例如

$this->view->assign('roles',$roles);
$this->view->assign('num',$num);
$this->view->assign('a',$a);

或者也可以用

$this->view->roles=$roles;
$this->view->a=$a;
publicfunctionrender($name)Processesaviewscriptandreturnstheoutput.
publicfunctionescape($var):Escapesavalueforoutputinaviewscript.
publicfunctionsetEncoding($encoding)Setencodingtousewithhtmlentities()andhtmlspecialchars()
publicfunctiongetEncoding():Returncurrentescapeencoding

视图脚本文件中的常见用法：

获取传递过来的值

$this->roles

使用一些常见的助手方法：

$this->baseUrl();
$this->url();
$this->paginationControl();
$this->partial()

视图常见用法举例

在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中

/**
*Initializethecommonviewhelper
*/
protectedfunction_initViewHelper()
{
$boot=$this->bootstrap('View');
$view=$boot->getResource('View');
$view->setHelperPath('Sql/View/Helper','Sql_View_Helper');
}

action中

/**
*
*@returnvoid
*/
publicfunctionlistAction()
{
$this->view->assign('data',$data);
}

视图文件

list.phtml

<?phpforeach($this->dataas$item):?>
<trstyle="height:19px;">
<tdclass="datagrid-cell"><?phpecho($item->item1);?></td>
</tr>
<?phpendforeach;?>

更多关于zend相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《ZendFrameWork框架入门教程》、《php优秀开发框架总结》、《Yii框架入门及常用技巧总结》、《ThinkPHP入门教程》、《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》

希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。

Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法详解

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