详解Android应用中DialogFragment的基本用法
DialogFragment的基本用法
1.创建DialogFragment
publicclassDialogAextendsDialogFragmentimplementsDialogInterface.OnClickListener{ @Override publicDialogonCreateDialog(BundlesavedInstanceState){ AlertDialog.Builderbuilder=newAlertDialog.Builder(getActivity()); builder.setMessage(R.string.dialoga_title) .setPositiveButton(R.string.ok,this) .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel,this); returnbuilder.create(); } @Override publicvoidonClick(DialogInterfacedialog,intid){ switch(id){ caseAlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE: Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Negative",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; caseAlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE: Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Positive",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: break; } } }
说明:自定义一个DialogFragment,并重写它的onCreateDialog()方法。
2.调用该DialogFragment
下面是在FragmentActivity中调用该DialogFragment对话框。
publicclassDialogTestextendsFragmentActivity{ @Override publicvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); showDialog(); } privatevoidshowDialog(){ FragmentManagerfm=getSupportFragmentManager(); DialogAdialoga=newDialogA(); dialoga.show(fm,"fragmenta"); } }
自定义DialogFragment布局
下面介绍自定义DialogFragment的布局的方法
点击查看:自定义DialogFragment布局的完整代码
1.设置布局文件
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="@string/dialoga_intro"/> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/ic_action_video"/> </LinearLayout>
2.使用布局
publicclassDialogAextendsDialogFragmentimplementsDialogInterface.OnClickListener{ @Override publicDialogonCreateDialog(BundlesavedInstanceState){ AlertDialog.Builderbuilder=newAlertDialog.Builder(getActivity()); LayoutInflaterinflater=getActivity().getLayoutInflater(); builder.setView(inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialoga,null)) .setMessage(R.string.dialoga_title) .setPositiveButton(R.string.ok,this) .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel,this); returnbuilder.create(); } @Override publicvoidonClick(DialogInterfacedialog,intid){ switch(id){ caseAlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE: Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Negative",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; caseAlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE: Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Positive",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: break; } } }
DialogFragment和Activity的交互
下面介绍自定义DialogFragment和Activity交互的方法
点击查看:DialogFragment和Activity交互的完整代码
1.定义通信接口
在DialogFragment中定义它们之间的通信接口。
publicinterfaceNoticeDialogListener{ publicvoidonDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragmentdialog); publicvoidonDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragmentdialog); } //Usethisinstanceoftheinterfacetodeliveractionevents NoticeDialogListenermListener; //OverridetheFragment.onAttach()methodtoinstantiatetheNoticeDialogListener @Override publicvoidonAttach(Activityactivity){ super.onAttach(activity); //Verifythatthehostactivityimplementsthecallbackinterface try{ //InstantiatetheNoticeDialogListenersowecansendeventstothehost mListener=(NoticeDialogListener)activity; }catch(ClassCastExceptione){ //Theactivitydoesn'timplementtheinterface,throwexception thrownewClassCastException(activity.toString() +"mustimplementNoticeDialogListener"); } }
2.在DialogFragment中调用该接口
@Override publicvoidonClick(DialogInterfacedialog,intid){ switch(id){ caseAlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE: //Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Negative",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); mListener.onDialogPositiveClick(DialogA.this); break; caseAlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE: //Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Positive",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); mListener.onDialogNegativeClick(DialogA.this); break; default: break; } }
3.在Activity中实现该接口
publicclassDialogTestextendsFragmentActivity implementsDialogA.NoticeDialogListener{ ... @Override publicvoidonDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragmentdialog){ Toast.makeText(this,"PositiveCallback",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override publicvoidonDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragmentdialog){ Toast.makeText(this,"NegativeCallback",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
Dialog与DialogFragment的对比
从代码的编写角度看,Dialog使用起来要更为简单,但是Google则是推荐尽量使用DialogFragment(对于Android3.0以下的版本,可以结合使用support包中提供的DialogFragment以及FragmentActivity)。今天试着用这两种方式来创建对话框,发现DialogFragment果然有一个非常好的特性(在手机配置变化,导致Activity需要重新创建时,例如旋屏,基于DialogFragment的对话框将会由FragmentManager自动重建,然而基于Dialog实现的对话框则没有这样的能力)。
下面是两段实例代码:
他们使用的界面都一样:(dialog.xml)
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <ImageView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"/> </LinearLayout>
1.基于Dialog实现的对话框
publicclassMainActivityextendsActivity{ privateButtonclk; privateDialogdialog; @Override protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); clk=(Button)findViewById(R.id.clk); dialog=newDialog(this); dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog); clk.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener(){ @Override publicvoidonClick(Viewv){ dialog.show(); } }); } }
当我们点击按钮时,会弹出对话框(内容为androidlogo),当我们旋转屏幕后,Activity重新创建,整个Activity的界面没有问题,而对话框消失了。
除此之外,其实还有一个问题,就是在logcat中会看到异常信息:Android..leaked..window,这是因为在Activity结束之前,Android要求所有的Dialog必须要关闭。我们旋屏后,Activity会被重建,而上面的代码逻辑并没有考虑到对话框的状态以及是否已关闭。
于是将上述代码修改为:
publicclassMainActivityextendsActivity{ privateButtonclk; privateDialogdialog; @Override protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); clk=(Button)findViewById(R.id.clk); dialog=newDialog(this); dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog); clk.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener(){ @Override publicvoidonClick(Viewv){ dialog.show(); } }); //用户恢复对话框的状态 if(savedInstanceState!=null&&savedInstanceState.getBoolean("dialog_show")) clk.performClick(); } /** *用于保存对话框的状态以便恢复 */ @Override protectedvoidonSaveInstanceState(BundleoutState){ super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); if(dialog!=null&&dialog.isShowing()) outState.putBoolean("dialog_show",true); else outState.putBoolean("dialog_show",false); } /** *在Activity销毁之前,确保对话框以关闭 */ @Override protectedvoidonDestroy(){ super.onDestroy(); if(dialog!=null&&dialog.isShowing()) dialog.dismiss(); } }
2.基于DialogFragment的对话框
与上面的对话框使用同样的界面布局,此处仅仅展现一个简单对话框,因此只重写了onCreateView方法
publicclassMyDialogFragmentextendsDialogFragment{ @Override publicViewonCreateView(LayoutInflaterinflater,ViewGroupcontainer, BundlesavedInstanceState){ Viewv=inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog,container,false); returnv; } } publicclassMainActivityextendsFragmentActivity{ privateButtonclk; @Override protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); clk=(Button)findViewById(R.id.clk); clk.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener(){ @Override publicvoidonClick(Viewv){ MyDialogFragmentmdf=newMyDialogFragment(); FragmentTransactionft=getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE); mdf.show(ft,"df"); } }); } }
这两段代码可以实现第一种方式的同样功能,此处我们并没有去关心对话框的重建,以及Activity销毁前对话框是否已关闭,这一切都是由FragmentManager来管理。
其实DialogFragment还拥有fragment的优点,即可以在一个Activity内部实现回退(因为FragmentManager会管理一个回退栈)