Android点击事件派发机制源码分析
概述
一直想写篇关于Android事件派发机制的文章,却一直没写,这两天刚好是周末,有时间了,想想写一篇吧,不然总是只停留在会用的层次上但是无法了解其内部机制。我用的是4.4源码,打开看看,挺复杂的,尤其是事件是怎么从Activity派发出来的,太费解了。了解Windows消息机制的人会发现,觉得Android的事件派发机制和Windows的消息派发机制挺像的,其实这是一种典型的消息“冒泡”机制,很多平台采用这个机制,消息最先到达最底层View,然后它先进行判断是不是它所需要的,否则就将消息传递给它的子View,这样一来,消息就从水底的气泡一样向上浮了一点距离,以此类推,气泡达到顶部和空气接触,破了(消息被处理了),当然也有气泡浮出到顶层了,还没破(消息无人处理),这个消息将由系统来处理,对于Android来说,会由Activity来处理。
Android点击事件的派发机制
1.从Activity传递到底层View
点击事件用MotionEvent来表示,当一个点击操作发生时,事件最先传递给当前Activity,由Activity的dispatchTouchEvent来进行事件派发,具体的工作是由Activity内部的Window来完成的,Window会将事件传递给decorview,decorview一般就是当前界面的底层容器(即setContentView所设置的View的父容器),通过Activity.getWindow.getDecorView()可以获得。另外,看下面代码的的时候,主要看我注释的地方,代码很多很复杂,我无法一一说明,但是我注释的地方都是关键点,是博主仔细读代码总结出来的。
源码解读:
事件是由哪里传递给Activity的,这个我还不清楚,但是不要紧,我们从activity开始分析,已经足够我们了解它的内部实现了。
Code:Activity#dispatchTouchEvent
/** *Calledtoprocesstouchscreenevents.Youcanoverridethisto *interceptalltouchscreeneventsbeforetheyaredispatchedtothe *window.Besuretocallthisimplementationfortouchscreenevents *thatshouldbehandlednormally. * *@paramevThetouchscreenevent. * *@returnbooleanReturntrueifthiseventwasconsumed. */ publicbooleandispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventev){ if(ev.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){ //这个函数其实是个空函数,啥也没干,如果你没重写的话,不用关心 onUserInteraction(); } //这里事件开始交给Activity所附属的Window进行派发,如果返回true,整个事件循环就结束了 //返回false意味着事件没人处理,所有人的onTouchEvent都返回了false,那么Activity就要来做最后的收场。 if(getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)){ returntrue; } //这里,Activity来收场了,Activity的onTouchEvent被调用 returnonTouchEvent(ev); }
Window是如何将事件传递给ViewGroup的
Code:Window#superDispatchTouchEvent
/** *Usedbycustomwindows,suchasDialog,topassthetouchscreenevent *furtherdowntheviewhierarchy.Applicationdevelopersshould *notneedtoimplementorcallthis. * */ publicabstractbooleansuperDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventevent);
这竟然是一个抽象函数,还注明了应用开发者不要实现它或者调用它,这是什么情况?再看看如下类的说明,大意是说:这个类可以控制顶级View的外观和行为策略,而且还说这个类的唯一一个实现位于android.policy.PhoneWindow,当你要实例化这个Window类的时候,你并不知道它的细节,因为这个类会被重构,只有一个工厂方法可以使用。好吧,还是很模糊啊,不太懂,不过我们可以看一下android.policy.PhoneWindow这个类,尽管实例化的时候此类会被重构,但是重构而已,功能是类似的。
Abstractbaseclassforatop-levelwindowlookandbehaviorpolicy.Aninstanceofthisclassshouldbeusedasthetop-levelviewaddedtothewindowmanager.ItprovidesstandardUIpoliciessuchasabackground,titlearea,defaultkeyprocessing,etc.Theonlyexistingimplementationofthisabstractclassisandroid.policy.PhoneWindow,whichyoushouldinstantiatewhenneedingaWindow.EventuallythatclasswillberefactoredandafactorymethodaddedforcreatingWindowinstanceswithoutknowingaboutaparticularimplementation.
Code:PhoneWindow#superDispatchTouchEvent
@Override publicbooleansuperDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventevent){ returnmDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event); }这个逻辑很清晰了,PhoneWindow将事件传递给DecorView了,这个DecorView是啥呢,请看下面 privatefinalclassDecorViewextendsFrameLayoutimplementsRootViewSurfaceTaker //Thisisthetop-levelviewofthewindow,containingthewindowdecor. privateDecorViewmDecor; @Override publicfinalViewgetDecorView(){ if(mDecor==null){ installDecor(); } returnmDecor; }
顺便说一下,平时Window用的最多的就是((ViewGroup)getWindow().getDecorView().findViewById(android.R.id.content)).getChildAt(0)即通过Activity来得到内部的View。这个mDecor显然就是getWindow().getDecorView()返回的View,而我们通过setContentView设置的View是它的一个子View。目前事件传递到了DecorView这里,由于DecorView继承自FrameLayout且是我们的父View,所以最终事件会传递给我们的View,原因先不管了,换句话来说,事件肯定会传递到我们的View,不然我们的应用如何响应点击事件呢。不过这不是我们的重点,重点是事件到了我们的View以后应该如何传递,这是对我们更有用的。从这里开始,事件已经传递到我们的顶级View了,注意:顶级View实际上是最底层View,也叫根View。
2.底层View对事件的分发过程
点击事件到底层View(一般是一个ViewGroup)以后,会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法,然后的逻辑是这样的:如果底层ViewGroup拦截事件即onInterceptTouchEvent返回true,则事件由ViewGroup处理,这个时候,如果ViewGroup的mOnTouchListener被设置,则会onTouch会被调用,否则,onTouchEvent会被调用,也就是说,如果都提供的话,onTouch会屏蔽掉onTouchEvent。在onTouchEvent中,如果设置了mOnClickListener,则onClick会被调用。如果顶层ViewGroup不拦截事件,则事件会传递给它的在点击事件链上的子View,这个时候,子View的dispatchTouchEvent会被调用,到此为止,事件已经从最底层View传递给了上一层View,接下来的行为和其底层View一致,如此循环,完成整个事件派发。另外要说明的是,ViewGroup默认是不拦截点击事件的,其onInterceptTouchEvent返回false。
源码解读:
Code:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent
@Override publicbooleandispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventev){ if(mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){ mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev,1); } booleanhandled=false; if(onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)){ finalintaction=ev.getAction(); finalintactionMasked=action&MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK; //Handleaninitialdown. if(actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){ //Throwawayallpreviousstatewhenstartinganewtouchgesture. //Theframeworkmayhavedroppedtheuporcanceleventforthepreviousgesture //duetoanappswitch,ANR,orsomeotherstatechange. cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev); resetTouchState(); } //Checkforinterception. finalbooleanintercepted; if(actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN ||mFirstTouchTarget!=null){ finalbooleandisallowIntercept=(mGroupFlags&FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT)!=0; if(!disallowIntercept){ //这里判断是否拦截点击事件,如果拦截,则intercepted=true intercepted=onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); ev.setAction(action);//restoreactionincaseitwaschanged }else{ intercepted=false; } }else{ //Therearenotouchtargetsandthisactionisnotaninitialdown //sothisviewgroupcontinuestointercepttouches. intercepted=true; } //Checkforcancelation. finalbooleancanceled=resetCancelNextUpFlag(this) ||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL; //Updatelistoftouchtargetsforpointerdown,ifneeded. finalbooleansplit=(mGroupFlags&FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS)!=0; TouchTargetnewTouchTarget=null; booleanalreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget=false; //这里面一大堆是派发事件到子View,如果intercepted是true,则直接跳过 if(!canceled&&!intercepted){ if(actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN ||(split&&actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN) ||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE){ finalintactionIndex=ev.getActionIndex();//always0fordown finalintidBitsToAssign=split?1<<ev.getPointerId(actionIndex) :TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS; //Cleanupearliertouchtargetsforthispointeridincasethey //havebecomeoutofsync. removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign); finalintchildrenCount=mChildrenCount; if(newTouchTarget==null&&childrenCount!=0){ finalfloatx=ev.getX(actionIndex); finalfloaty=ev.getY(actionIndex); //Findachildthatcanreceivetheevent. //Scanchildrenfromfronttoback. finalView[]children=mChildren; finalbooleancustomOrder=isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled(); for(inti=childrenCount-1;i>=0;i--){ finalintchildIndex=customOrder? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount,i):i; finalViewchild=children[childIndex]; if(!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child) ||!isTransformedTouchPointInView(x,y,child,null)){ continue; } newTouchTarget=getTouchTarget(child); if(newTouchTarget!=null){ //Childisalreadyreceivingtouchwithinitsbounds. //Giveitthenewpointerinadditiontotheonesitishandling. newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits|=idBitsToAssign; break; } resetCancelNextUpFlag(child); if(dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev,false,child,idBitsToAssign)){ //Childwantstoreceivetouchwithinitsbounds. mLastTouchDownTime=ev.getDownTime(); mLastTouchDownIndex=childIndex; mLastTouchDownX=ev.getX(); mLastTouchDownY=ev.getY(); //注意下面两句,如果有子View处理了点击事件,则newTouchTarget会被赋值, //同时alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget也会为true,这两个变量是直接影响下面的代码逻辑的。 newTouchTarget=addTouchTarget(child,idBitsToAssign); alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget=true; break; } } } if(newTouchTarget==null&&mFirstTouchTarget!=null){ //Didnotfindachildtoreceivetheevent. //Assignthepointertotheleastrecentlyaddedtarget. newTouchTarget=mFirstTouchTarget; while(newTouchTarget.next!=null){ newTouchTarget=newTouchTarget.next; } newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits|=idBitsToAssign; } } } //Dispatchtotouchtargets. //这里如果当前ViewGroup拦截了事件,或者其子View的onTouchEvent都返回了false,则事件会由ViewGroup处理 if(mFirstTouchTarget==null){ //Notouchtargetssotreatthisasanordinaryview. //这里就是ViewGroup对点击事件的处理 handled=dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev,canceled,null, TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS); }else{ //Dispatchtotouchtargets,excludingthenewtouchtargetifwealready //dispatchedtoit.Canceltouchtargetsifnecessary. TouchTargetpredecessor=null; TouchTargettarget=mFirstTouchTarget; while(target!=null){ finalTouchTargetnext=target.next; if(alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget&&target==newTouchTarget){ handled=true; }else{ finalbooleancancelChild=resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child) ||intercepted; if(dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev,cancelChild, target.child,target.pointerIdBits)){ handled=true; } if(cancelChild){ if(predecessor==null){ mFirstTouchTarget=next; }else{ predecessor.next=next; } target.recycle(); target=next; continue; } } predecessor=target; target=next; } } //Updatelistoftouchtargetsforpointeruporcancel,ifneeded. if(canceled ||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE){ resetTouchState(); }elseif(split&&actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP){ finalintactionIndex=ev.getActionIndex(); finalintidBitsToRemove=1<<ev.getPointerId(actionIndex); removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove); } } if(!handled&&mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){ mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev,1); } returnhandled; }
下面再看ViewGroup对点击事件的处理
Code:ViewGroup#dispatchTransformedTouchEvent
/** *Transformsamotioneventintothecoordinatespaceofaparticularchildview, *filtersoutirrelevantpointerids,andoverridesitsactionifnecessary. *Ifchildisnull,assumestheMotionEventwillbesenttothisViewGroupinstead. */ privatebooleandispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEventevent,booleancancel, Viewchild,intdesiredPointerIdBits){ finalbooleanhandled; //Cancelingmotionsisaspecialcase.Wedon'tneedtoperformanytransformations //orfiltering.Theimportantpartistheaction,notthecontents. finalintoldAction=event.getAction(); if(cancel||oldAction==MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL){ event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL); if(child==null){ //这里就是ViewGroup对点击事件的处理,其调用了View的dispatchTouchEvent方法 handled=super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); }else{ handled=child.dispatchTouchEvent(event); } event.setAction(oldAction); returnhandled; } //Calculatethenumberofpointerstodeliver. finalintoldPointerIdBits=event.getPointerIdBits(); finalintnewPointerIdBits=oldPointerIdBits&desiredPointerIdBits; //Ifforsomereasonweendedupinaninconsistentstatewhereitlookslikewe //mightproduceamotioneventwithnopointersinit,thendroptheevent. if(newPointerIdBits==0){ returnfalse; } //Ifthenumberofpointersisthesameandwedon'tneedtoperformanyfancy //irreversibletransformations,thenwecanreusethemotioneventforthis //dispatchaslongaswearecarefultorevertanychangeswemake. //Otherwiseweneedtomakeacopy. finalMotionEventtransformedEvent; if(newPointerIdBits==oldPointerIdBits){ if(child==null||child.hasIdentityMatrix()){ if(child==null){ handled=super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); }else{ finalfloatoffsetX=mScrollX-child.mLeft; finalfloatoffsetY=mScrollY-child.mTop; event.offsetLocation(offsetX,offsetY); handled=child.dispatchTouchEvent(event); event.offsetLocation(-offsetX,-offsetY); } returnhandled; } transformedEvent=MotionEvent.obtain(event); }else{ transformedEvent=event.split(newPointerIdBits); } //Performanynecessarytransformationsanddispatch. if(child==null){ handled=super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent); }else{ finalfloatoffsetX=mScrollX-child.mLeft; finalfloatoffsetY=mScrollY-child.mTop; transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX,offsetY); if(!child.hasIdentityMatrix()){ transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix()); } handled=child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent); } //Done. transformedEvent.recycle(); returnhandled; }
再看
Code:View#dispatchTouchEvent
/** *Passthetouchscreenmotioneventdowntothetargetview,orthis *viewifitisthetarget. * *@parameventThemotioneventtobedispatched. *@returnTrueiftheeventwashandledbytheview,falseotherwise. */ publicbooleandispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventevent){ if(mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){ mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event,0); } if(onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)){ //noinspectionSimplifiableIfStatement ListenerInfoli=mListenerInfo; if(li!=null&&li.mOnTouchListener!=null&&(mViewFlags&ENABLED_MASK)==ENABLED &&li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this,event)){ returntrue; } if(onTouchEvent(event)){ returntrue; } } if(mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){ mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event,0); } returnfalse; }
这段代码比较简单,View对事件的处理是这样的:如果设置了OnTouchListener就调用onTouch,否则就直接调用onTouchEvent,而onClick是在onTouchEvent内部通过performClick触发的。简单来说,事件如果被ViewGroup拦截或者子View的onTouchEvent都返回了false,则事件最终由ViewGroup处理。
3.无人处理的点击事件
如果一个点击事件,子View的onTouchEvent返回了false,则父View的onTouchEvent会被直接调用,以此类推。如果所有的View都不处理,则最终会由Activity来处理,这个时候,Activity的onTouchEvent会被调用。这个问题已经在1和2中做了说明。
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