Android点击事件派发机制源码分析
概述
一直想写篇关于Android事件派发机制的文章,却一直没写,这两天刚好是周末,有时间了,想想写一篇吧,不然总是只停留在会用的层次上但是无法了解其内部机制。我用的是4.4源码,打开看看,挺复杂的,尤其是事件是怎么从Activity派发出来的,太费解了。了解Windows消息机制的人会发现,觉得Android的事件派发机制和Windows的消息派发机制挺像的,其实这是一种典型的消息“冒泡”机制,很多平台采用这个机制,消息最先到达最底层View,然后它先进行判断是不是它所需要的,否则就将消息传递给它的子View,这样一来,消息就从水底的气泡一样向上浮了一点距离,以此类推,气泡达到顶部和空气接触,破了(消息被处理了),当然也有气泡浮出到顶层了,还没破(消息无人处理),这个消息将由系统来处理,对于Android来说,会由Activity来处理。
Android点击事件的派发机制
1.从Activity传递到底层View
点击事件用MotionEvent来表示,当一个点击操作发生时,事件最先传递给当前Activity,由Activity的dispatchTouchEvent来进行事件派发,具体的工作是由Activity内部的Window来完成的,Window会将事件传递给decorview,decorview一般就是当前界面的底层容器(即setContentView所设置的View的父容器),通过Activity.getWindow.getDecorView()可以获得。另外,看下面代码的的时候,主要看我注释的地方,代码很多很复杂,我无法一一说明,但是我注释的地方都是关键点,是博主仔细读代码总结出来的。
源码解读:
事件是由哪里传递给Activity的,这个我还不清楚,但是不要紧,我们从activity开始分析,已经足够我们了解它的内部实现了。
Code:Activity#dispatchTouchEvent
/**
*Calledtoprocesstouchscreenevents.Youcanoverridethisto
*interceptalltouchscreeneventsbeforetheyaredispatchedtothe
*window.Besuretocallthisimplementationfortouchscreenevents
*thatshouldbehandlednormally.
*
*@paramevThetouchscreenevent.
*
*@returnbooleanReturntrueifthiseventwasconsumed.
*/
publicbooleandispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventev){
if(ev.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
//这个函数其实是个空函数,啥也没干,如果你没重写的话,不用关心
onUserInteraction();
}
//这里事件开始交给Activity所附属的Window进行派发,如果返回true,整个事件循环就结束了
//返回false意味着事件没人处理,所有人的onTouchEvent都返回了false,那么Activity就要来做最后的收场。
if(getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)){
returntrue;
}
//这里,Activity来收场了,Activity的onTouchEvent被调用
returnonTouchEvent(ev);
}
Window是如何将事件传递给ViewGroup的
Code:Window#superDispatchTouchEvent
/** *Usedbycustomwindows,suchasDialog,topassthetouchscreenevent *furtherdowntheviewhierarchy.Applicationdevelopersshould *notneedtoimplementorcallthis. * */ publicabstractbooleansuperDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventevent);
这竟然是一个抽象函数,还注明了应用开发者不要实现它或者调用它,这是什么情况?再看看如下类的说明,大意是说:这个类可以控制顶级View的外观和行为策略,而且还说这个类的唯一一个实现位于android.policy.PhoneWindow,当你要实例化这个Window类的时候,你并不知道它的细节,因为这个类会被重构,只有一个工厂方法可以使用。好吧,还是很模糊啊,不太懂,不过我们可以看一下android.policy.PhoneWindow这个类,尽管实例化的时候此类会被重构,但是重构而已,功能是类似的。
Abstractbaseclassforatop-levelwindowlookandbehaviorpolicy.Aninstanceofthisclassshouldbeusedasthetop-levelviewaddedtothewindowmanager.ItprovidesstandardUIpoliciessuchasabackground,titlearea,defaultkeyprocessing,etc.Theonlyexistingimplementationofthisabstractclassisandroid.policy.PhoneWindow,whichyoushouldinstantiatewhenneedingaWindow.EventuallythatclasswillberefactoredandafactorymethodaddedforcreatingWindowinstanceswithoutknowingaboutaparticularimplementation.
Code:PhoneWindow#superDispatchTouchEvent
@Override
publicbooleansuperDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventevent){
returnmDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}这个逻辑很清晰了,PhoneWindow将事件传递给DecorView了,这个DecorView是啥呢,请看下面
privatefinalclassDecorViewextendsFrameLayoutimplementsRootViewSurfaceTaker
//Thisisthetop-levelviewofthewindow,containingthewindowdecor.
privateDecorViewmDecor;
@Override
publicfinalViewgetDecorView(){
if(mDecor==null){
installDecor();
}
returnmDecor;
}
顺便说一下,平时Window用的最多的就是((ViewGroup)getWindow().getDecorView().findViewById(android.R.id.content)).getChildAt(0)即通过Activity来得到内部的View。这个mDecor显然就是getWindow().getDecorView()返回的View,而我们通过setContentView设置的View是它的一个子View。目前事件传递到了DecorView这里,由于DecorView继承自FrameLayout且是我们的父View,所以最终事件会传递给我们的View,原因先不管了,换句话来说,事件肯定会传递到我们的View,不然我们的应用如何响应点击事件呢。不过这不是我们的重点,重点是事件到了我们的View以后应该如何传递,这是对我们更有用的。从这里开始,事件已经传递到我们的顶级View了,注意:顶级View实际上是最底层View,也叫根View。
2.底层View对事件的分发过程
点击事件到底层View(一般是一个ViewGroup)以后,会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法,然后的逻辑是这样的:如果底层ViewGroup拦截事件即onInterceptTouchEvent返回true,则事件由ViewGroup处理,这个时候,如果ViewGroup的mOnTouchListener被设置,则会onTouch会被调用,否则,onTouchEvent会被调用,也就是说,如果都提供的话,onTouch会屏蔽掉onTouchEvent。在onTouchEvent中,如果设置了mOnClickListener,则onClick会被调用。如果顶层ViewGroup不拦截事件,则事件会传递给它的在点击事件链上的子View,这个时候,子View的dispatchTouchEvent会被调用,到此为止,事件已经从最底层View传递给了上一层View,接下来的行为和其底层View一致,如此循环,完成整个事件派发。另外要说明的是,ViewGroup默认是不拦截点击事件的,其onInterceptTouchEvent返回false。
源码解读:
Code:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent
@Override
publicbooleandispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventev){
if(mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev,1);
}
booleanhandled=false;
if(onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)){
finalintaction=ev.getAction();
finalintactionMasked=action&MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
//Handleaninitialdown.
if(actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
//Throwawayallpreviousstatewhenstartinganewtouchgesture.
//Theframeworkmayhavedroppedtheuporcanceleventforthepreviousgesture
//duetoanappswitch,ANR,orsomeotherstatechange.
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
//Checkforinterception.
finalbooleanintercepted;
if(actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
||mFirstTouchTarget!=null){
finalbooleandisallowIntercept=(mGroupFlags&FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT)!=0;
if(!disallowIntercept){
//这里判断是否拦截点击事件,如果拦截,则intercepted=true
intercepted=onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action);//restoreactionincaseitwaschanged
}else{
intercepted=false;
}
}else{
//Therearenotouchtargetsandthisactionisnotaninitialdown
//sothisviewgroupcontinuestointercepttouches.
intercepted=true;
}
//Checkforcancelation.
finalbooleancanceled=resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;
//Updatelistoftouchtargetsforpointerdown,ifneeded.
finalbooleansplit=(mGroupFlags&FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS)!=0;
TouchTargetnewTouchTarget=null;
booleanalreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget=false;
//这里面一大堆是派发事件到子View,如果intercepted是true,则直接跳过
if(!canceled&&!intercepted){
if(actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
||(split&&actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE){
finalintactionIndex=ev.getActionIndex();//always0fordown
finalintidBitsToAssign=split?1<<ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
:TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
//Cleanupearliertouchtargetsforthispointeridincasethey
//havebecomeoutofsync.
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);
finalintchildrenCount=mChildrenCount;
if(newTouchTarget==null&&childrenCount!=0){
finalfloatx=ev.getX(actionIndex);
finalfloaty=ev.getY(actionIndex);
//Findachildthatcanreceivetheevent.
//Scanchildrenfromfronttoback.
finalView[]children=mChildren;
finalbooleancustomOrder=isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
for(inti=childrenCount-1;i>=0;i--){
finalintchildIndex=customOrder?
getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount,i):i;
finalViewchild=children[childIndex];
if(!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
||!isTransformedTouchPointInView(x,y,child,null)){
continue;
}
newTouchTarget=getTouchTarget(child);
if(newTouchTarget!=null){
//Childisalreadyreceivingtouchwithinitsbounds.
//Giveitthenewpointerinadditiontotheonesitishandling.
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits|=idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
if(dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev,false,child,idBitsToAssign)){
//Childwantstoreceivetouchwithinitsbounds.
mLastTouchDownTime=ev.getDownTime();
mLastTouchDownIndex=childIndex;
mLastTouchDownX=ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY=ev.getY();
//注意下面两句,如果有子View处理了点击事件,则newTouchTarget会被赋值,
//同时alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget也会为true,这两个变量是直接影响下面的代码逻辑的。
newTouchTarget=addTouchTarget(child,idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget=true;
break;
}
}
}
if(newTouchTarget==null&&mFirstTouchTarget!=null){
//Didnotfindachildtoreceivetheevent.
//Assignthepointertotheleastrecentlyaddedtarget.
newTouchTarget=mFirstTouchTarget;
while(newTouchTarget.next!=null){
newTouchTarget=newTouchTarget.next;
}
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits|=idBitsToAssign;
}
}
}
//Dispatchtotouchtargets.
//这里如果当前ViewGroup拦截了事件,或者其子View的onTouchEvent都返回了false,则事件会由ViewGroup处理
if(mFirstTouchTarget==null){
//Notouchtargetssotreatthisasanordinaryview.
//这里就是ViewGroup对点击事件的处理
handled=dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev,canceled,null,
TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
}else{
//Dispatchtotouchtargets,excludingthenewtouchtargetifwealready
//dispatchedtoit.Canceltouchtargetsifnecessary.
TouchTargetpredecessor=null;
TouchTargettarget=mFirstTouchTarget;
while(target!=null){
finalTouchTargetnext=target.next;
if(alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget&&target==newTouchTarget){
handled=true;
}else{
finalbooleancancelChild=resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
||intercepted;
if(dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev,cancelChild,
target.child,target.pointerIdBits)){
handled=true;
}
if(cancelChild){
if(predecessor==null){
mFirstTouchTarget=next;
}else{
predecessor.next=next;
}
target.recycle();
target=next;
continue;
}
}
predecessor=target;
target=next;
}
}
//Updatelistoftouchtargetsforpointeruporcancel,ifneeded.
if(canceled
||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
||actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE){
resetTouchState();
}elseif(split&&actionMasked==MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP){
finalintactionIndex=ev.getActionIndex();
finalintidBitsToRemove=1<<ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
}
}
if(!handled&&mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev,1);
}
returnhandled;
}
下面再看ViewGroup对点击事件的处理
Code:ViewGroup#dispatchTransformedTouchEvent
/**
*Transformsamotioneventintothecoordinatespaceofaparticularchildview,
*filtersoutirrelevantpointerids,andoverridesitsactionifnecessary.
*Ifchildisnull,assumestheMotionEventwillbesenttothisViewGroupinstead.
*/
privatebooleandispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEventevent,booleancancel,
Viewchild,intdesiredPointerIdBits){
finalbooleanhandled;
//Cancelingmotionsisaspecialcase.Wedon'tneedtoperformanytransformations
//orfiltering.Theimportantpartistheaction,notthecontents.
finalintoldAction=event.getAction();
if(cancel||oldAction==MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL){
event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
if(child==null){
//这里就是ViewGroup对点击事件的处理,其调用了View的dispatchTouchEvent方法
handled=super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}else{
handled=child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
event.setAction(oldAction);
returnhandled;
}
//Calculatethenumberofpointerstodeliver.
finalintoldPointerIdBits=event.getPointerIdBits();
finalintnewPointerIdBits=oldPointerIdBits&desiredPointerIdBits;
//Ifforsomereasonweendedupinaninconsistentstatewhereitlookslikewe
//mightproduceamotioneventwithnopointersinit,thendroptheevent.
if(newPointerIdBits==0){
returnfalse;
}
//Ifthenumberofpointersisthesameandwedon'tneedtoperformanyfancy
//irreversibletransformations,thenwecanreusethemotioneventforthis
//dispatchaslongaswearecarefultorevertanychangeswemake.
//Otherwiseweneedtomakeacopy.
finalMotionEventtransformedEvent;
if(newPointerIdBits==oldPointerIdBits){
if(child==null||child.hasIdentityMatrix()){
if(child==null){
handled=super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}else{
finalfloatoffsetX=mScrollX-child.mLeft;
finalfloatoffsetY=mScrollY-child.mTop;
event.offsetLocation(offsetX,offsetY);
handled=child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
event.offsetLocation(-offsetX,-offsetY);
}
returnhandled;
}
transformedEvent=MotionEvent.obtain(event);
}else{
transformedEvent=event.split(newPointerIdBits);
}
//Performanynecessarytransformationsanddispatch.
if(child==null){
handled=super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
}else{
finalfloatoffsetX=mScrollX-child.mLeft;
finalfloatoffsetY=mScrollY-child.mTop;
transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX,offsetY);
if(!child.hasIdentityMatrix()){
transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
}
handled=child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
}
//Done.
transformedEvent.recycle();
returnhandled;
}
再看
Code:View#dispatchTouchEvent
/**
*Passthetouchscreenmotioneventdowntothetargetview,orthis
*viewifitisthetarget.
*
*@parameventThemotioneventtobedispatched.
*@returnTrueiftheeventwashandledbytheview,falseotherwise.
*/
publicbooleandispatchTouchEvent(MotionEventevent){
if(mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event,0);
}
if(onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)){
//noinspectionSimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfoli=mListenerInfo;
if(li!=null&&li.mOnTouchListener!=null&&(mViewFlags&ENABLED_MASK)==ENABLED
&&li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this,event)){
returntrue;
}
if(onTouchEvent(event)){
returntrue;
}
}
if(mInputEventConsistencyVerifier!=null){
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event,0);
}
returnfalse;
}
这段代码比较简单,View对事件的处理是这样的:如果设置了OnTouchListener就调用onTouch,否则就直接调用onTouchEvent,而onClick是在onTouchEvent内部通过performClick触发的。简单来说,事件如果被ViewGroup拦截或者子View的onTouchEvent都返回了false,则事件最终由ViewGroup处理。
3.无人处理的点击事件
如果一个点击事件,子View的onTouchEvent返回了false,则父View的onTouchEvent会被直接调用,以此类推。如果所有的View都不处理,则最终会由Activity来处理,这个时候,Activity的onTouchEvent会被调用。这个问题已经在1和2中做了说明。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持毛票票。