MongoDB 导出导入备份恢复数据详解及实例
数据库备份和数据恢复的重要性,我想大家都知道,这里就举例说明如何操作数据备份,数据恢复的实例:
创建测试数据
创建db:testdb,collection:user,插入10条记录
mongo MongoDBshellversion:3.0.2 connectingto:test >usetestdb switchedtodbtestdb >db.user.insert({id:1,name:"用户1"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:2,name:"用户2"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:3,name:"用户3"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:4,name:"用户4"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:5,name:"用户5"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:6,name:"用户6"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:7,name:"用户7"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:8,name:"用户8"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:9,name:"用户9"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) >db.user.insert({id:10,name:"用户10"}); WriteResult({"nInserted":1}) > >db.user.find(); {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"),"id":1,"name":"用户1"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"),"id":2,"name":"用户2"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"),"id":3,"name":"用户3"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"),"id":4,"name":"用户4"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"),"id":5,"name":"用户5"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"),"id":6,"name":"用户6"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"),"id":7,"name":"用户7"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"),"id":8,"name":"用户8"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"),"id":9,"name":"用户9"} {"_id":ObjectId("574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"),"id":10,"name":"用户10"}
数据导出mongoexport
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
-o 输出的文件名
--type输出的格式,默认为json
-f 输出的字段,如果--type为csv,则需要加上-f"字段名"
更多参数说明可参考mongoexport–help
例子:导出user所有记录到/tmp/user.json
mongoexport-dtestdb-cuser-o/tmp/user.json 2016-05-31T20:00:32.257+0800connectedto:localhost 2016-05-31T20:00:32.286+0800exported10records cat/tmp/user.json {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"},"id":1,"name":"用户1"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"},"id":2,"name":"用户2"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"},"id":3,"name":"用户3"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"},"id":4,"name":"用户4"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"},"id":5,"name":"用户5"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"},"id":6,"name":"用户6"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"},"id":7,"name":"用户7"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"},"id":8,"name":"用户8"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"},"id":9,"name":"用户9"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"},"id":10,"name":"用户10"}
例子:导出user所有id到/tmp/user.csv
格式为csv但不指定字段会出错
mongoexport-dtestdb-cuser--typecsv-o/tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:01:05.393+0800Failed:CSVmoderequiresafieldlist mongoexport-dtestdb-cuser--typecsv-f"id"-o/tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:01:46.510+0800connectedto:localhost 2016-05-31T20:01:46.534+0800exported10records cat/tmp/user.csv id 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
数据导入mongoimport
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
--type 导入的格式,默认json
-f 导入的字段名
--headerline如果导入的格式是csv,则可以使用第一行的标题作为导入的字段
--file 要导入的文件
更多参数说明可参考mongoimport–help
导入前先清空collectionuser
>db.user.drop(); true >db.user.find(); >
例子:把上例导出的user.json导入
mongoimport-dtestdb-cuser--file/tmp/user.json 2016-05-31T20:10:22.240+0800connectedto:localhost 2016-05-31T20:10:22.287+0800imported10documents
例子:把上例导出的user.csv导入
mongoimport-dtestdb-cuser--typecsv--headerline--file/tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:11:28.975+0800connectedto:localhost 2016-05-31T20:11:29.003+0800imported10documents
数据备份mongodump
参数说明:
-d数据库名
-ccollection名
-o备份的文件路径
更多参数说明可参考mongodump–help
例子:把testdb的user备份到/tmp
mongodump-dtestdb-cuser-o/tmp 2016-05-31T20:18:25.813+0800writingtestdb.userto/tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:18:25.818+0800writingtestdb.usermetadatato/tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json 2016-05-31T20:18:25.849+0800donedumpingtestdb.user
数据恢复mongorestore
参数说明:
-d数据库名
-ccollection名
更多参数说明可参考mongorestore–help
导入前先清空collectionuser
>db.user.drop(); true >db.user.find(); >
例子:把上例备份的数据恢复
mongorestore-dtestdb-cuser/tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.050+0800checkingforcollectiondatain/tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.084+0800readingmetadatafilefrom/tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json 2016-05-31T20:21:23.088+0800restoringtestdb.userfromfile/tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.153+0800restoringindexesforcollectiontestdb.userfrommetadata 2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800finishedrestoringtestdb.user 2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800done
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