在Oracle关闭情况下如何修改spfile的参数
发现问题
我使用的Oracle11g，当我敲下如下一段命令后，就让我傻眼了。。
altersystemsetsga_max_size=960Mscope=spfile; shutdownimmediate startup
此时的startup报错了，错误为：
SQL>startup ORA-00844:ParameternottakingMEMORY_TARGETintoaccount ORA-00851:SGA_MAX_SIZE985661440cannotbesettomorethanMEMORY_TARGET784334848.
原因分析
原来在Oracle11g中增加了memory_target参数，sga_max_size必须比memory_target参数小。那么问题来了，此时我已经关闭Oracle了，spfile文件是二进制文件，又不能手动修改，那么我该怎么办呢。。好捉急好捉急。。。
解决思路
通过pfile启动Oracle–>在Oracle中通过createpfile=''fromspfile=''取出spfile的内容（pfile是可以手动修改的）–>修改新建的pfile–>以新的pfile启动Oracle–>在Oracle中通过createspfile=''frompfile=''获得修改后的spfile
实战
[oracle@wing~]$sqlplus/assysdba SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.4.0ProductiononMonFeb1514:04:462016 Copyright(c)1982,2013,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Connectedtoanidleinstance. SQL>createpfile='/home/oracle/pfile.new'fromspfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilewingdb.ora'; Filecreated. SQL>exit DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.4.0-64bitProduction WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions 通过vi修改pfile.new文件中相应的参数（本文档中是memory_target参数），修改后保存 [oracle@wing~]$sqlplus/assysdba SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.4.0ProductiononMonFeb1514:04:462016 Copyright(c)1982,2013,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Connectedtoanidleinstance. SQL>startuppfile='/home/oracle/pfile.new' ORACLEinstancestarted. TotalSystemGlobalArea810090496bytes FixedSize2257520bytes VariableSize415239568bytes DatabaseBuffers390070272bytes RedoBuffers2523136bytes Databasemounted. Databaseopened. SQL>createspfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbsspfilewingdb.ora'frompfile='/home/oracle/pfile.new'; Filecreated. SQL>shutdownimmediate Databaseclosed. Databasedismounted. ORACLEinstanceshutdown. SQL>exit DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.4.0-64bitProduction WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions [oracle@wing~]$sqlplus/assysdba SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.4.0ProductiononMonFeb1514:08:402016 Copyright(c)1982,2013,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Connectedtoanidleinstance. SQL> SQL>startup ORACLEinstancestarted. TotalSystemGlobalArea810090496bytes FixedSize2257520bytes VariableSize415239568bytes DatabaseBuffers390070272bytes RedoBuffers2523136bytes Databasemounted. Databaseopened. SQL>showparametermemory NAMETYPE -------------------------------------------------------------------- VALUE ------------------------------ hi_shared_memory_addressinteger 0 memory_max_targetbiginteger 800M memory_targetbiginteger 800M shared_memory_addressinteger 0 SQL>showparametersga NAMETYPE -------------------------------------------------------------------- VALUE ------------------------------ lock_sgaboolean FALSE pre_page_sgaboolean FALSE sga_max_sizebiginteger 776M sga_targetbiginteger 740M #至此Oracle使用新的spfile启动成功，参数也得到相应的修改
总结
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