java的Jackson框架实现轻易转换JSON
Jackson可以轻松的将Java对象转换成json对象和xml文档,同样也可以将json、xml转换成Java对象。
相比json-lib框架,Jackson所依赖的jar包较少,简单易用并且性能也要相对高些。而且Jackson社区相对比较活跃,更新速度也比较快。
一、准备工作
1、下载依赖库jar包
Jackson的jarall下载地址:http://jackson.codehaus.org/1.7.6/jackson-all-1.7.6.jar
然后在工程中导入这个jar包即可开始工作
官方示例:http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonInFiveMinutes
因为下面的程序是用junit测试用例运行的,所以还得添加junit的jar包。版本是junit-4.2.8
如果你需要转换xml,那么还需要stax2-api.jar
2、测试类基本代码如下
packagecom.hoo.test; importjava.io.IOException; importjava.io.StringWriter; importjava.util.ArrayList; importjava.util.HashMap; importjava.util.Iterator; importjava.util.LinkedHashMap; importjava.util.List; importjava.util.Map; importjava.util.Set; importorg.codehaus.jackson.JsonEncoding; importorg.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException; importorg.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator; importorg.codehaus.jackson.JsonParseException; importorg.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException; importorg.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper; importorg.codehaus.jackson.node.JsonNodeFactory; importorg.codehaus.jackson.xml.XmlMapper; importorg.junit.After; importorg.junit.Before; importorg.junit.Test; importcom.hoo.entity.AccountBean; /** *<b>function:</b>Jackson将java对象转换成JSON字符串,也可以将JSON字符串转换成java对象 *jar-lib-version:jackson-all-1.6.2 *jettison-1.0.1 *@authorhoojo *@fileJacksonTest.java *@packagecom.hoo.test *@projectSpring3 *@version1.0 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") publicclassJacksonTest{ privateJsonGeneratorjsonGenerator=null; privateObjectMapperobjectMapper=null; privateAccountBeanbean=null; @Before publicvoidinit(){ bean=newAccountBean(); bean.setAddress("china-Guangzhou"); bean.setEmail("hoojo_@126.com"); bean.setId(1); bean.setName("hoojo"); objectMapper=newObjectMapper(); try{ jsonGenerator=objectMapper.getJsonFactory().createJsonGenerator(System.out,JsonEncoding.UTF8); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } } @After publicvoiddestory(){ try{ if(jsonGenerator!=null){ jsonGenerator.flush(); } if(!jsonGenerator.isClosed()){ jsonGenerator.close(); } jsonGenerator=null; objectMapper=null; bean=null; System.gc(); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3、所需要的JavaEntity
packagecom.hoo.entity; publicclassAccountBean{ privateintid; privateStringname; privateStringemail; privateStringaddress; privateBirthdaybirthday; //getter、setter @Override publicStringtoString(){ returnthis.name+"#"+this.id+"#"+this.address+"#"+this.birthday+"#"+this.email; } }
Birthday
packagecom.hoo.entity; publicclassBirthday{ privateStringbirthday; publicBirthday(Stringbirthday){ super(); this.birthday=birthday; } //getter、setter publicBirthday(){} @Override publicStringtoString(){ returnthis.birthday; } }
二、Java对象转换成JSON
1、JavaBean(Entity/Model)转换成JSON
/** *function:将java对象转换成json字符串 *@authorhoojo */ @Test publicvoidwriteEntityJSON(){ try{ System.out.println("jsonGenerator"); //writeObject可以转换java对象,eg:JavaBean/Map/List/Array等 jsonGenerator.writeObject(bean); System.out.println(); System.out.println("ObjectMapper"); //writeValue具有和writeObject相同的功能 objectMapper.writeValue(System.out,bean); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
运行后结果如下:
jsonGenerator {"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo_@126.com"} ObjectMapper {"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":hoojo_@126.com}
上面分别利用JsonGenerator的writeObject方法和ObjectMapper的writeValue方法完成对Java对象的转换,二者传递的参数及构造的方式不同;JsonGenerator的创建依赖于ObjectMapper对象。也就是说如果你要使用JsonGenerator来转换JSON,那么你必须创建一个ObjectMapper。但是你用ObjectMapper来转换JSON,则不需要JSONGenerator。
objectMapper的writeValue方法可以将一个Java对象转换成JSON。这个方法的参数一,需要提供一个输出流,转换后可以通过这个流来输出转换后的内容。或是提供一个File,将转换后的内容写入到File中。当然,这个参数也可以接收一个JSONGenerator,然后通过JSONGenerator来输出转换后的信息。第二个参数是将要被转换的Java对象。如果用三个参数的方法,那么是一个Config。这个config可以提供一些转换时的规则,过指定的Java对象的某些属性进行过滤或转换等。
2、将Map集合转换成Json字符串
/** *<b>function:</b>将map转换成json字符串 *@authorhoojo */ @Test publicvoidwriteMapJSON(){ try{ Map<String,Object>map=newHashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("name",bean.getName()); map.put("account",bean); bean=newAccountBean(); bean.setAddress("china-Beijin"); bean.setEmail("hoojo@qq.com"); map.put("account2",bean); System.out.println("jsonGenerator"); jsonGenerator.writeObject(map); System.out.println(""); System.out.println("objectMapper"); objectMapper.writeValue(System.out,map); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
转换后结果如下:
jsonGenerator {"account2":{"address":"china-Beijin","name":null,"id":0,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo@qq.com"},"name":"hoojo", "account":{"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo_@126.com"}} objectMapper {"account2":{"address":"china-Beijin","name":null,"id":0,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo@qq.com"},"name":"hoojo", "account":{"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":hoojo_@126.com}}
3、将List集合转换成json
/** *<b>function:</b>将list集合转换成json字符串 *@authorhoojo */ @Test publicvoidwriteListJSON(){ try{ List<AccountBean>list=newArrayList<AccountBean>(); list.add(bean); bean=newAccountBean(); bean.setId(2); bean.setAddress("address2"); bean.setEmail("email2"); bean.setName("haha2"); list.add(bean); System.out.println("jsonGenerator"); //list转换成JSON字符串 jsonGenerator.writeObject(list); System.out.println(); System.out.println("ObjectMapper"); //用objectMapper直接返回list转换成的JSON字符串 System.out.println("1###"+objectMapper.writeValueAsString(list)); System.out.print("2###"); //objectMapperlist转换成JSON字符串 objectMapper.writeValue(System.out,list); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
结果如下:
jsonGenerator [{"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo_@126.com"}, {"address":"address2","name":"haha2","id":2,"birthday":null,"email":"email2"}] ObjectMapper 1###[{"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo_@126.com"}, {"address":"address2","name":"haha2","id":2,"birthday":null,"email":"email2"}] 2###[{"address":"china-Guangzhou","name":"hoojo","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":"hoojo_@126.com"}, {"address":"address2","name":"haha2","id":2,"birthday":null,"email":"email2"}]
外面就是多了个[]中括号;同样Array也可以转换,转换的JSON和上面的结果是一样的,这里就不再转换了。~.~
4、下面来看看jackson提供的一些类型,用这些类型完成json转换;如果你使用这些类型转换JSON的话,那么你即使没有JavaBean(Entity)也可以完成复杂的Java类型的JSON转换。下面用到这些类型构建一个复杂的Java对象,并完成JSON转换。
@Test publicvoidwriteOthersJSON(){ try{ String[]arr={"a","b","c"}; System.out.println("jsonGenerator"); Stringstr="helloworldjackson!"; //byte jsonGenerator.writeBinary(str.getBytes()); //boolean jsonGenerator.writeBoolean(true); //null jsonGenerator.writeNull(); //float jsonGenerator.writeNumber(2.2f); //char jsonGenerator.writeRaw("c"); //String jsonGenerator.writeRaw(str,5,10); //String jsonGenerator.writeRawValue(str,5,5); //String jsonGenerator.writeString(str); jsonGenerator.writeTree(JsonNodeFactory.instance.POJONode(str)); System.out.println(); //Object jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();//{ jsonGenerator.writeObjectFieldStart("user");//user:{ jsonGenerator.writeStringField("name","jackson");//name:jackson jsonGenerator.writeBooleanField("sex",true);//sex:true jsonGenerator.writeNumberField("age",22);//age:22 jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();//} jsonGenerator.writeArrayFieldStart("infos");//infos:[ jsonGenerator.writeNumber(22);//22 jsonGenerator.writeString("thisisarray");//thisisarray jsonGenerator.writeEndArray();//] jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();//} AccountBeanbean=newAccountBean(); bean.setAddress("address"); bean.setEmail("email"); bean.setId(1); bean.setName("haha"); //complexObject jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();//{ jsonGenerator.writeObjectField("user",bean);//user:{bean} jsonGenerator.writeObjectField("infos",arr);//infos:[array] jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();//} }catch(Exceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
运行后,结果如下:
jsonGenerator "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQgamFja3NvbiE="truenull2.2cworldjacworl"helloworldjackson!""helloworldjackson!" {"user":{"name":"jackson","sex":true,"age":22},"infos":[22,"thisisarray"]} {"user":{"address":"address","name":"haha","id":1,"birthday":null,"email":"email"},"infos":["a","b","c"]}
怎么样?构造的json字符串和输出的结果是一致的吧。关键看懂用JSONGenerator提供的方法,完成一个Object的构建。
三、JSON转换成Java对象
1、将json字符串转换成JavaBean对象
@Test publicvoidreadJson2Entity(){ Stringjson="{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}"; try{ AccountBeanacc=objectMapper.readValue(json,AccountBean.class); System.out.println(acc.getName()); System.out.println(acc); }catch(JsonParseExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(JsonMappingExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
很简单,用到了ObjectMapper这个对象的readValue这个方法,这个方法需要提供2个参数。第一个参数就是解析的JSON字符串,第二个参数是即将将这个JSON解析吃什么Java对象,Java对象的类型。当然,还有其他相同签名方法,如果你有兴趣可以一一尝试使用方法,当然使用的方法和当前使用的方法大同小异。运行后,结果如下:
haha haha#1#address#null#email
2、将json字符串转换成List<Map>集合
/** *<b>function:</b>json字符串转换成list<map> *@authorhoojo */ @Test publicvoidreadJson2List(){ Stringjson="[{\"address\":\"address2\",\"name\":\"haha2\",\"id\":2,\"email\":\"email2\"},"+ "{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}]"; try{ List<LinkedHashMap<String,Object>>list=objectMapper.readValue(json,List.class); System.out.println(list.size()); for(inti=0;i<list.size();i++){ Map<String,Object>map=list.get(i); Set<String>set=map.keySet(); for(Iterator<String>it=set.iterator();it.hasNext();){ Stringkey=it.next(); System.out.println(key+":"+map.get(key)); } } }catch(JsonParseExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(JsonMappingExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
尝试过将上面的JSON转换成List,然后List中存放AccountBean,但结果失败了。但是支持Map集合。因为你转成List.class,但是不知道List存放何种类型。只好默然Map类型。因为所有的对象都可以转换成Map结合,运行后结果如下:
2 address:address2 name:haha2 id:2 email:email2 address:address name:haha id:1 email:email
3、Json字符串转换成Array数组,由于上面的泛型转换不能识别到集合中的对象类型。所有这里用对象数组,可以解决这个问题。只不过它不再是集合,而是一个数组。当然这个不重要,你可以用Arrays.asList将其转换成List即可。
/** *<b>function:</b>json字符串转换成Array *@authorhoojo */ @Test publicvoidreadJson2Array(){ Stringjson="[{\"address\":\"address2\",\"name\":\"haha2\",\"id\":2,\"email\":\"email2\"},"+ "{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}]"; try{ AccountBean[]arr=objectMapper.readValue(json,AccountBean[].class); System.out.println(arr.length); for(inti=0;i<arr.length;i++){ System.out.println(arr[i]); } }catch(JsonParseExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(JsonMappingExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
运行后的结果:
2 haha2#2#address2#null#email2 haha#1#address#null#email
4、Json字符串转换成Map集合
/** *<b>function:</b>json字符串转换Map集合 *@authorhoojo*/ @Test publicvoidreadJson2Map(){ Stringjson="{\"success\":true,\"A\":{\"address\":\"address2\",\"name\":\"haha2\",\"id\":2,\"email\":\"email2\"},"+ "\"B\":{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}}"; try{ Map<String,Map<String,Object>>maps=objectMapper.readValue(json,Map.class); System.out.println(maps.size()); Set<String>key=maps.keySet(); Iterator<String>iter=key.iterator(); while(iter.hasNext()){ Stringfield=iter.next(); System.out.println(field+":"+maps.get(field)); } }catch(JsonParseExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(JsonMappingExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
运行后结果如下:
3 success:true A:{address=address2,name=haha2,id=2,email=email2} B:{address=address,name=haha,id=1,email=email}
四、Jackson对XML的支持
Jackson也可以完成java对象到xml的转换,转换后的结果要比json-lib更直观,不过它依赖于stax2-api.jar这个jar包。
/** *<b>function:</b>java对象转换成xml文档 *需要额外的jar包stax2-api.jar *@authorhoojo */ @Test publicvoidwriteObject2Xml(){ //stax2-api-3.0.2.jar System.out.println("XmlMapper"); XmlMapperxml=newXmlMapper(); try{ //javaBean转换成xml //xml.writeValue(System.out,bean); StringWritersw=newStringWriter(); xml.writeValue(sw,bean); System.out.println(sw.toString()); //List转换成xml List<AccountBean>list=newArrayList<AccountBean>(); list.add(bean); list.add(bean); System.out.println(xml.writeValueAsString(list)); //Map转换xml文档 Map<String,AccountBean>map=newHashMap<String,AccountBean>(); map.put("A",bean); map.put("B",bean); System.out.println(xml.writeValueAsString(map)); }catch(JsonGenerationExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(JsonMappingExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(IOExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
运行上面的方法,结果如下:
XmlMapper <unknown><address>china-Guangzhou</address><name>hoojo</name><id>1</id><birthday/><email>hoojo_@126.com</email></unknown> <unknown><unknown><address>china-Guangzhou</address><name>hoojo</name><id>1</id><birthday/><email>hoojo_@126.com</email></unknown> <email><address>china-Guangzhou</address><name>hoojo</name><id>1</id><birthday/><email>hoojo_@126.com</email></email></unknown> <unknown><A><address>china-Guangzhou</address><name>hoojo</name><id>1</id><birthday/><email>hoojo_@126.com</email></A> <B><address>china-Guangzhou</address><name>hoojo</name><id>1</id><birthday/><email>hoojo_@126.com</email></B></unknown>
看结果,根节点都是unknown这个问题还没有解决,由于根节点没有转换出来,所有导致解析xml到Java对象,也无法完成。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持毛票票。