Java中常用加密/解密方法详解
安全问题已经成为一个越来越重要的问题，在Java中如何对重要数据进行加密解密是本文的主要内容。
一、常用的加密/解密算法
1.Base64
严格来说Base64并不是一种加密/解密算法，而是一种编码方式。Base64不生成密钥，通过Base64编码后的密文就可以直接“翻译”为明文，但是可以通过向明文中添加混淆字符来达到加密的效果。
2.DES
DES是一种基于56位密钥的对称算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。现在DES已经不是一种安全的加密算法，已被公开破解，现在DES已经被高级加密标准（AES）所代替。
3.3DES
3DES是DES的一种派生算法，主要提升了DES的一些实用所需的安全性。
4.AES
AES是现在对称加密算法中最流行的算法之一。
二、实现所需的一些库
为了实现上述的算法，我们可以实用JDK自带的实现，也可以使用一些开源的第三方库，例如BouncyCastle（https://www.bouncycastle.org/）和comnonscodec（https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/）。
三、具体实现
1.Base64
packagecom.tancky.security;
importjava.io.IOException;
importsun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
importsun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
publicclassBase64Demo{
privatestaticStringsrc="TestBase64";
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
Base64Demo.jdkBase64();
Base64Demo.commonsCodecBase64();
Base64Demo.bouncyCastleBase64();
}
//使用JDK的base64实现，
publicstaticvoidjdkBase64(){
BASE64Encoderencoder=newBASE64Encoder();
Stringencode=encoder.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("encode:"+encode);
BASE64Decoderdecoder=newBASE64Decoder();
try{
Stringdecode=newString(decoder.decodeBuffer(encode));
System.out.println("decode:"+decode);
}catch(IOExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//使用apache的commonsCodec实现
publicstaticvoidcommonsCodecBase64(){
byte[]encodeBytes=org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
Stringencode=newString(encodeBytes);
System.out.println("encode:"+encode);
byte[]decodeBytes=org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(encode);
Stringdecode=newString(decodeBytes);
System.out.println("decode:"+decode);
}
//使用bouncyCastlede实现
publicstaticvoidbouncyCastleBase64(){
byte[]encodeBytes=org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
Stringencode=newString(encodeBytes);
System.out.println("encode:"+encode);
byte[]decodeBytes=org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.decode(encode);
Stringdecode=newString(decodeBytes);
System.out.println("decode:"+decode);
}
}
2.DES
packagecom.tancky.security;
importjava.security.InvalidKeyException;
importjava.security.Key;
importjava.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
importjava.security.NoSuchProviderException;
importjava.security.Security;
importjava.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
importjavax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
importjavax.crypto.Cipher;
importjavax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
importjavax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
importjavax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
importjavax.crypto.SecretKey;
importjavax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
importjavax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
importorg.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
importorg.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
publicclassDESDemo{
privatestaticStringsrc="TestDES";
publicstaticvoidjdkDES(){
try{
//生成密钥Key
KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
keyGenerator.init(56);
SecretKeysecretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[]bytesKey=secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESKeySpecdeSedeKeySpec=newDESKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactoryfactory=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
KeyconvertSecretKey=factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]encodeResult=cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("DESEncode:"+Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]DecodeResult=cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("DESDncode:"+newString(DecodeResult));
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeyExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeySpecExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalBlockSizeExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(BadPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicstaticvoidbcDES(){
try{
//使用BouncyCastle的DES加密
Security.addProvider(newBouncyCastleProvider());
//生成密钥Key
KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES","BC");
keyGenerator.init(56);
SecretKeysecretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[]bytesKey=secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESKeySpecdeSedeKeySpec=newDESKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactoryfactory=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
KeyconvertSecretKey=factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]encodeResult=cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("DESEncode:"+Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]DecodeResult=cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("DESDncode:"+newString(DecodeResult));
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeyExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeySpecExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalBlockSizeExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(BadPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchProviderExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
DESDemo.jdkDES();
DESDemo.bcDES();
}
}
3.3DES
packagecom.tancky.security;
importjava.security.InvalidKeyException;
importjava.security.Key;
importjava.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
importjava.security.NoSuchProviderException;
importjava.security.Security;
importjava.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
importjavax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
importjavax.crypto.Cipher;
importjavax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
importjavax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
importjavax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
importjavax.crypto.SecretKey;
importjavax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
importjavax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
importorg.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
importorg.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
publicclassTripleDESDemo{
privatestaticStringsrc="TestTripleDES";
publicstaticvoidjdkTripleDES(){
try{
//生成密钥Key
KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
keyGenerator.init(168);
SecretKeysecretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[]bytesKey=secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESedeKeySpecdeSedeKeySpec=newDESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactoryfactory=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
KeyconvertSecretKey=factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]encodeResult=cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("TripleDESEncode:"+Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]DecodeResult=cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("TripleDESDncode:"+newString(DecodeResult));
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeyExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeySpecExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalBlockSizeExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(BadPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicstaticvoidbcTripleDES(){
try{
Security.addProvider(newBouncyCastleProvider());
//生成密钥Key
KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede","BC");
keyGenerator.getProvider();
keyGenerator.init(168);
SecretKeysecretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[]bytesKey=secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESedeKeySpecdeSedeKeySpec=newDESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactoryfactory=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
KeyconvertSecretKey=factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]encodeResult=cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("TripleDESEncode:"+Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[]DecodeResult=cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("TripleDESDncode:"+newString(DecodeResult));
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeyExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeySpecExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalBlockSizeExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(BadPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchProviderExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
jdkTripleDES();
bcTripleDES();
}
}
4.AES
packagecom.tancky.security;
importjava.security.InvalidKeyException;
importjava.security.Key;
importjava.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
importjava.security.NoSuchProviderException;
importjava.security.SecureRandom;
importjava.security.Security;
importjavax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
importjavax.crypto.Cipher;
importjavax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
importjavax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
importjavax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
importjavax.crypto.SecretKey;
importjavax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
importorg.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
importorg.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
publicclassAESDemo{
privatestaticStringsrc="TestAES";
publicstaticvoidjdkAES(){
try{
//生成Key
KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGenerator.init(128);
//keyGenerator.init(128,newSecureRandom("seedseedseed".getBytes()));
//使用上面这种初始化方法可以特定种子来生成密钥，这样加密后的密文是唯一固定的。
SecretKeysecretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[]keyBytes=secretKey.getEncoded();
//Key转换
Keykey=newSecretKeySpec(keyBytes,"AES");
//加密
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,key);
byte[]encodeResult=cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("AESencode:"+Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,key);
byte[]decodeResult=cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("AESdecode:"+newString(decodeResult));
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeyExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalBlockSizeExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(BadPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicstaticvoidbcAES(){
try{
//使用BouncyCastle的DES加密
Security.addProvider(newBouncyCastleProvider());
//生成Key
KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES","BC");
keyGenerator.getProvider();
keyGenerator.init(128);
SecretKeysecretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[]keyBytes=secretKey.getEncoded();
//Key转换
Keykey=newSecretKeySpec(keyBytes,"AES");
//加密
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,key);
byte[]encodeResult=cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("AESencode:"+Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,key);
byte[]decodeResult=cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("AESdecode:"+newString(decodeResult));
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvalidKeyExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(IllegalBlockSizeExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(BadPaddingExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchProviderExceptione){
//TODO自动生成的catch块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
jdkAES();
bcAES();
}
}
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，同时也希望多多支持毛票票！