Java 内省(Introspector)深入理解
Java内省(Introspector)深入理解
一些概念:
内省(Introspector)是Java语言对JavaBean类属性、事件的一种缺省处理方法。
JavaBean是一种特殊的类,主要用于传递数据信息,这种类中的方法主要用于访问私有的字段,且方法名符合某种命名规则。如果在两个模块之间传递信息,可以将信息封装进JavaBean中,这种对象称为“值对象”(ValueObject),或“VO”。方法比较少。这些信息储存在类的私有变量中,通过set()、get()获得。
例如类UserInfo:
packagecom.peidasoft.Introspector; publicclassUserInfo{ privatelonguserId; privateStringuserName; privateintage; privateStringemailAddress; publiclonggetUserId(){ returnuserId; } publicvoidsetUserId(longuserId){ this.userId=userId; } publicStringgetUserName(){ returnuserName; } publicvoidsetUserName(StringuserName){ this.userName=userName; } publicintgetAge(){ returnage; } publicvoidsetAge(intage){ this.age=age; } publicStringgetEmailAddress(){ returnemailAddress; } publicvoidsetEmailAddress(StringemailAddress){ this.emailAddress=emailAddress; } }
在类UserInfo中有属性userName,那我们可以通过getUserName,setUserName来得到其值或者设置新的值。通过getUserName/setUserName来访问userName属性,这就是默认的规则。JavaJDK中提供了一套API用来访问某个属性的getter/setter方法,这就是内省。
JDK内省类库:
PropertyDescriptor类:
PropertyDescriptor类表示JavaBean类通过存储器导出一个属性。主要方法:
1.getPropertyType(),获得属性的Class对象;
2.getReadMethod(),获得用于读取属性值的方法;getWriteMethod(),获得用于写入属性值的方法;
3.hashCode(),获取对象的哈希值;
4.setReadMethod(MethodreadMethod),设置用于读取属性值的方法;
5.setWriteMethod(MethodwriteMethod),设置用于写入属性值的方法。
实例代码如下:
packagecom.peidasoft.Introspector; importjava.beans.BeanInfo; importjava.beans.Introspector; importjava.beans.PropertyDescriptor; importjava.lang.reflect.Method; publicclassBeanInfoUtil{ publicstaticvoidsetProperty(UserInfouserInfo,StringuserName)throwsException{ PropertyDescriptorpropDesc=newPropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo.class); MethodmethodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod(); methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo,"wong"); System.out.println("setuserName:"+userInfo.getUserName()); } publicstaticvoidgetProperty(UserInfouserInfo,StringuserName)throwsException{ PropertyDescriptorproDescriptor=newPropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo.class); MethodmethodGetUserName=proDescriptor.getReadMethod(); ObjectobjUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo); System.out.println("getuserName:"+objUserName.toString()); } }
Introspector类:
将JavaBean中的属性封装起来进行操作。在程序把一个类当做JavaBean来看,就是调用Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法,得到的BeanInfo对象封装了把这个类当做JavaBean看的结果信息,即属性的信息。
getPropertyDescriptors(),获得属性的描述,可以采用遍历BeanInfo的方法,来查找、设置类的属性。具体代码如下:
packagecom.peidasoft.Introspector; importjava.beans.BeanInfo; importjava.beans.Introspector; importjava.beans.PropertyDescriptor; importjava.lang.reflect.Method; publicclassBeanInfoUtil{ publicstaticvoidsetPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfouserInfo,StringuserName)throwsException{ BeanInfobeanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class); PropertyDescriptor[]proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); if(proDescrtptors!=null&&proDescrtptors.length>0){ for(PropertyDescriptorpropDesc:proDescrtptors){ if(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){ MethodmethodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod(); methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo,"alan"); System.out.println("setuserName:"+userInfo.getUserName()); break; } } } } publicstaticvoidgetPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfouserInfo,StringuserName)throwsException{ BeanInfobeanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class); PropertyDescriptor[]proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); if(proDescrtptors!=null&&proDescrtptors.length>0){ for(PropertyDescriptorpropDesc:proDescrtptors){ if(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){ MethodmethodGetUserName=propDesc.getReadMethod(); ObjectobjUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo); System.out.println("getuserName:"+objUserName.toString()); break; } } } } }
通过这两个类的比较可以看出,都是需要获得PropertyDescriptor,只是方式不一样:前者通过创建对象直接获得,后者需要遍历,所以使用PropertyDescriptor类更加方便。
使用实例:
packagecom.peidasoft.Introspector; publicclassBeanInfoTest{ /** *@paramargs */ publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ UserInfouserInfo=newUserInfo(); userInfo.setUserName("peida"); try{ BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo,"userName"); BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,"userName"); BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo,"userName"); BeanInfoUtil.setPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo,"userName"); BeanInfoUtil.getPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo,"userName"); BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,"age"); }catch(Exceptione){ //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock e.printStackTrace(); } } }
输出:
getuserName:peida setuserName:wong getuserName:wong setuserName:alan getuserName:alan java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:argumenttypemismatch atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod) atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) atsun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) atcom.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(BeanInfoUtil.java:14) atcom.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java:22)
说明:BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,"age");报错是应为age属性是int数据类型,而setProperty方法里面默认给age属性赋的值是String类型。所以会爆出argumenttypemismatch参数类型不匹配的错误信息。
BeanUtils工具包:
由上述可看出,内省操作非常的繁琐,所以所以Apache开发了一套简单、易用的API来操作Bean的属性——BeanUtils工具包。
BeanUtils工具包:下载:http://commons.apache.org/beanutils/注意:应用的时候还需要一个logging包http://commons.apache.org/logging/
使用BeanUtils工具包完成上面的测试代码:
packagecom.peidasoft.Beanutil; importjava.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; importorg.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils; importorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils; importcom.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo; publicclassBeanUtilTest{ publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ UserInfouserInfo=newUserInfo(); try{ BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"userName","peida"); System.out.println("setuserName:"+userInfo.getUserName()); System.out.println("getuserName:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"userName")); BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age",18); System.out.println("setage:"+userInfo.getAge()); System.out.println("getage:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"age")); System.out.println("getuserNametype:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"userName").getClass().getName()); System.out.println("getagetype:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"age").getClass().getName()); PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age",8); System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"age")); System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"age").getClass().getName()); PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age","8"); } catch(IllegalAccessExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } catch(InvocationTargetExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } catch(NoSuchMethodExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行结果:
setuserName:peida getuserName:peida setage:18 getage:18 getuserNametype:java.lang.String getagetype:java.lang.String 8 java.lang.Integer Exceptioninthread"main"java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:Cannotinvokecom.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo.setAge onbeanclass'classcom.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo'-argumenttypemismatch-hadobjectsoftype"java.lang.String" butexpectedsignature"int" atorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2235) atorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2151) atorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:1957) atorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2064) atorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java:858) atcom.peidasoft.orm.Beanutil.BeanUtilTest.main(BeanUtilTest.java:38) Causedby:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:argumenttypemismatch atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod) atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) atsun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) atorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2170) ...5more
说明:
1.获得属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"userName"),返回字符串
2.设置属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age",8),参数是字符串或基本类型自动包装。设置属性的值是字符串,获得的值也是字符串,不是基本类型。3.BeanUtils的特点:
1).对基本数据类型的属性的操作:在WEB开发、使用中,录入和显示时,值会被转换成字符串,但底层运算用的是基本类型,这些类型转到动作由BeanUtils自动完成。
2).对引用数据类型的属性的操作:首先在类中必须有对象,不能是null,例如,privateDatebirthday=newDate();。操作的是对象的属性而不是整个对象,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time",111111);
packagecom.peidasoft.Introspector; importjava.util.Date; publicclassUserInfo{ privateDatebirthday=newDate(); publicvoidsetBirthday(Datebirthday){ this.birthday=birthday; } publicDategetBirthday(){ returnbirthday; } }
packagecom.peidasoft.Beanutil; importjava.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; importorg.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils; importcom.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo; publicclassBeanUtilTest{ publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ UserInfouserInfo=newUserInfo(); try{ BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time","111111"); Objectobj=BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time"); System.out.println(obj); } catch(IllegalAccessExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } catch(InvocationTargetExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } catch(NoSuchMethodExceptione){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.PropertyUtils类和BeanUtils不同在于,运行getProperty、setProperty操作时,没有类型转换,使用属性的原有类型或者包装类。由于age属性的数据类型是int,所以方法PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age","8")会爆出数据类型不匹配,无法将值赋给属性。
感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!