基于Java8 函数式接口理解及测试
1.函数式接口的理解
根据重构的思想,需要把容易变化的模块进行抽象并封装起来,从这个点来看,Java8新引入的函数式接口就是基于这个思想进行设计的。
2.函数式接口定义
2.1自定义如下
需要FunctionalInterface关键字显示声明:
@FunctionalInterface publicinterfaceAppleInterface{ publicvoidtest(); }
2.2系统预定义
java.util.function.Consumer; java.util.function.Function; java.util.function.Predicate; java.util.function.Supplier;
可以去查看源码了解具体的细节,这几个接口包括了常用的一些场景,一般可满足需要
3.函数式接口的使用
函数式接口一般使用前需要先定义,也可以使用系统预定义的几个函数式接口
函数式接口的使用和使用一个变量没有区别,显示声明定义,格式如下:
FunctionInterfaceinterface=null;
这里的interface虽然看起来是一个变量,可是实际却是一段行为代码,用于执行具体的业务逻辑,可以自由在方法接口间传递,也可以直接执行
interface.doSomeThing();
如定义函数式接口为参数的接口:
publicvoidfilter(FunctionInterfaceinterface) { interface.doSomeThing(); }
4.函数式接口练习
4.1自定义实体类Apple
publicclassApple{ privateStringcolor; privatefloatweight; publicApple(Stringcolor,floatweight){ this.color=color; this.weight=weight; } publicStringgetColor(){ returncolor; } publicvoidsetColor(Stringcolor){ this.color=color; } publicfloatgetWeight(){ returnweight; } publicvoidsetWeight(floatweight){ this.weight=weight; } }
4.2自定义函数式接口
该接口有一个test方法,不接收任何参数,也没有任何返回
@FunctionalInterface publicinterfaceAppleInterface{ publicvoidtest(); }
4.3测试自定义函数式接口
@Test publicvoidDefineFunctionInterface(){ //自定义函数式接口 AppleInterfaceat=()->System.out.println("defineFunctionInterfaceAppleInterface."); at.test(); }
至此,就完成一个很简单的函数式接口的定义和调用
4.4系统预定义函数式接口
Consumer
@Test publicvoidConsumerTest(){ Consumerconsumer=(Appleapp)->{System.out.println(app.getColor()+","+app.getWeight());}; List apps=Arrays.asList(newApple("red",120),newApple("blue",80), newApple("green",100)); ConsumerApple(apps,consumer); } publicvoidConsumerApple(List apps,Consumer c){ for(Appleapp:apps){ c.accept(app); } }
Supplier
@Test publicvoidSupplierTest(){ Suppliersupplier=()->{returnnewApple("hellosupplier",999);}; Appleapp=supplier.get(); System.out.println(app.getColor()+","+app.getWeight()); }
Predicate
@Test publicvoidPredicateTest(){ //系统预定义函数式接口测试 Predicatep1=(Applea)->{if(a.getWeight()>90)returntrue;returnfalse;}; Predicate p2=(Applea)->{if(a.getColor().equals("blue"))returntrue;returnfalse;}; List apps=Arrays.asList(newApple("red",120),newApple("blue",80), newApple("green",100)); filterApple(apps,p1);//筛选重量大于90g的苹果 filterApple(apps,p2);//筛选蓝色的苹果 } publicvoidfilterApple(List apps,Predicate p){ for(Appleapp:apps){ if(p.test(app)){ System.out.println(app.getColor()+","+app.getWeight()); } } }
Function
@Test publicvoidFunctionTest(){ Functionfunction=(Strings)->{returnnewApple(s,666);}; Appleapp=function.apply("red"); System.out.println(app.getColor()+","+app.getWeight()); app=function.apply("green"); System.out.println(app.getColor()+","+app.getWeight()); }
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