Spring Boot整合JPA使用多个数据源的方法步骤

2023-08-17 21:55:04 297

介绍

JPA（JavaPersistenceAPI）Java持久化API，是Java持久化的标准规范，Hibernate是持久化规范的技术实现，而SpringDataJPA是在Hibernate基础上封装的一款框架。

第一次使用SpringJPA的时候，感觉这东西简直就是神器，几乎不需要写什么关于数据库访问的代码一个基本的CURD的功能就出来了。在这篇文章中，我们将介绍SpringBoot整合JPA使用多个数据源的方法。

开发环境：

SpringBoot2.0.5
SpringDataJPA2.0.5
MySQL5.6
JDK8
IDEA2018.3
Windows10

引入依赖

首先我们要SpringBoot引入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa依赖。

Maven配置：


org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa


org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web


org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-devtools
runtime


mysql
mysql-connector-java
runtime

Gradle配置：

compilegroup:'org.springframework.boot',name:'spring-boot-starter-data-jpa',version:'2.0.5.RELEASE'
compilegroup:'org.springframework.boot',name:'spring-boot-starter-web',version:'2.0.5.RELEASE'
compilegroup:'org.springframework.boot',name:'spring-boot-devtools',version:'2.0.5.RELEASE'
compilegroup:'mysql',name:'mysql-connector-java',version:'6.0.6'

配置数据源

SpringBoot提供了使用application.properties或application.yml文件配置项目属性的方法。我比较习惯使用application.yml文件，所以这里我只列出application.yml文件的写法。

spring:
datasource:
product:
driver-class-name:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc-url:jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/product?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull
username:root
password:test123$
customer:
driver-class-name:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc-url:jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/customer?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull
username:root
password:test123$
jpa:
generate-ddl:true

配置好application.yml文件后分别在数据库创建customer和product数据库。

添加实体（Entity）类

客户实体：

packagecom.springboot.jpa.customer.models;

importjavax.persistence.*;

@Entity
publicclassCustomer{

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
privateIntegerid;
@Column(unique=true,nullable=false)
privateStringemail;
privateStringfirstName;
privateStringlastName;

protectedCustomer(){
}

publicCustomer(Stringemail,StringfirstName,StringlastName){
this.email=email;
this.firstName=firstName;
this.lastName=lastName;
}

@Override
publicStringtoString(){
returnString.format("Customer[id=%d,firstName='%s',lastName='%s',email='%s']",id,firstName,lastName,email);
}

publicIntegergetId(){
returnid;
}

publicStringgetEmail(){
returnemail;
}

publicStringgetFirstName(){
returnfirstName;
}

publicStringgetLastName(){
returnlastName;
}
}

产品实体：

packagecom.springboot.jpa.product.models;

importjavax.persistence.*;

@Entity
publicclassProduct{

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
privateintid;

@Column(nullable=false)
privateStringcode;
privateStringname;
privatedoubleprice;


protectedProduct(){
}

publicProduct(Stringcode,Stringname,doubleprice){
this.code=code;
this.name=name;
this.price=price;
}

@Override
publicStringtoString(){
returnString.format("Product[id=%d,code='%s',name='%s',price='%s']",id,code,name,price);
}

publicintgetId(){
returnid;
}

publicStringgetCode(){
returncode;
}

publicStringgetName(){
returnname;
}

publicdoublegetPrice(){
returnprice;
}
}

添加数据仓库（Repository）类

客户Repository：

packagecom.springboot.jpa.customer.repository;

importcom.springboot.jpa.customer.models.Customer;
importorg.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
publicinterfaceCustomerRepositoryextendsJpaRepository{
}

产品Repository：

packagecom.springboot.jpa.product.repository;

importcom.springboot.jpa.product.models.Product;
importorg.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
publicinterfaceProductRepositoryextendsJpaRepository{
}

添加配置（Config）类

客户配置：

packagecom.springboot.jpa.customer.config;

importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
importorg.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
importorg.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
importorg.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
importorg.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
importorg.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
importorg.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
importorg.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

importjavax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
importjavax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(entityManagerFactoryRef="customerEntityManagerFactory",transactionManagerRef="customerTransactionManager",basePackages={"com.springboot.jpa.customer.repository"})
publicclassCustomerConfig{

@Primary
@Bean(name="customerDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.customer")
publicDataSourcecustomerDataSource(){
returnDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}

@Primary
@Bean(name="customerEntityManagerFactory")
publicLocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBeanentityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderbuilder,@Qualifier("customerDataSource")DataSourcedataSource){
returnbuilder.dataSource(dataSource).packages("com.springboot.jpa.customer.models").persistenceUnit("customer").build();
}

@Primary
@Bean(name="customerTransactionManager")
publicPlatformTransactionManagercustomerTransactionManager(@Qualifier("customerEntityManagerFactory")EntityManagerFactorycustomerEntityManagerFactory){
returnnewJpaTransactionManager(customerEntityManagerFactory);
}
}

产品配置：

packagecom.springboot.jpa.product.config;


importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
importorg.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
importorg.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
importorg.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
importorg.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
importorg.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
importorg.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
importorg.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

importjavax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
importjavax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(entityManagerFactoryRef="productEntityManagerFactory",transactionManagerRef="productTransactionManager",basePackages={"com.springboot.jpa.product.repository"}
)
publicclassProductConfig{

@Bean(name="productDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.product")
publicDataSourcedataSource(){
returnDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}

@Bean(name="productEntityManagerFactory")
publicLocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBeanbarEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderbuilder,@Qualifier("productDataSource")DataSourcedataSource){
returnbuilder.dataSource(dataSource).packages("com.springboot.jpa.product.models").persistenceUnit("product").build();
}

@Bean(name="productTransactionManager")
publicPlatformTransactionManagerproductTransactionManager(@Qualifier("productEntityManagerFactory")EntityManagerFactoryproductEntityManagerFactory){
returnnewJpaTransactionManager(productEntityManagerFactory);
}
}

项目结构：

src/main/java
-com.springboot.jpa
-product
-config
-models
-repository
-customer
-config
-models
-repository

添加测试类

客户测试类CustomerDataSourcesTests：

packagecom.springboot.jpa;

importcom.springboot.jpa.customer.repository.CustomerRepository;
importcom.springboot.jpa.customer.models.Customer;
importorg.junit.runner.RunWith;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
importorg.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

importorg.junit.Test;

importstaticorg.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
importstaticorg.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
publicclassCustomerDataSourcesTests{

@Autowired
privateCustomerRepositorycustomerRepository;

@Test
@Transactional("customerTransactionManager")
publicvoidcreateCustomer(){

Customercustomer=newCustomer("master@weilog.net","Charles","Zhang");
customer=customerRepository.save(customer);
assertNotNull(customerRepository.findById(customer.getId()));
assertEquals(customerRepository.findById(customer.getId()).get().getEmail(),"master@weilog.net");
}
}

产品测试类ProductDataSourcesTests：

packagecom.springboot.jpa;

importcom.springboot.jpa.product.models.Product;
importcom.springboot.jpa.product.repository.ProductRepository;
importorg.junit.runner.RunWith;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
importorg.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

importorg.junit.Test;

importstaticorg.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
publicclassProductDataSourcesTests{

@Autowired
privateProductRepositoryproductRepository;

@Test
@Transactional("productTransactionManager")
publicvoidcreateProduct(){
Productproduct=newProduct("10000","Book",80.0);
product=productRepository.save(product);

assertNotNull(productRepository.findById(product.getId()));
}

}

测试

分别运行两个测试类通过后，查询数据库。

客户表：

mysql>SELECT*FROMcustomer;
+----+-------------------+-----------+----------+
|id|email|firstName|lastName|
+----+-------------------+-----------+----------+
|1|master@weilog.net|Charles|Zhang|
+----+-------------------+-----------+----------+
1rowinset

产品表：

mysql>SELECT*FROMproduct;
+----+-------+------+-------+
|id|code|name|price|
+----+-------+------+-------+
|1|10000|Book|80|
+----+-------+------+-------+
1rowinset

本文地址：SpringBoot整合JPA使用多个数据源

项目地址：spring-boot-jpa

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，谢谢大家对毛票票的支持。

Spring Boot整合JPA使用多个数据源的方法步骤

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