python 使用pygame工具包实现贪吃蛇游戏(多彩版)
今天我们用python和python的工具包pygame来编写一个贪吃蛇的小游戏
贪吃蛇游戏功能介绍
贪吃蛇的游戏规则如下：
通过上下左右键或者WASD键来移动蛇来，让它吃到食物，每吃到食物，蛇的长度变长，并获得分数。若蛇碰到游戏边际
或者自身，则蛇死亡，游戏结束。
游戏设计思路
根据游戏规则，我们需要：
1.初始化游戏环境。
2.初始化蛇、食物
3.监听键盘动作
4.蛇的运动，吃食物，是否死亡
5.该局游戏结束，是否还有再玩。
其中的难点在于如何在屏幕上展示蛇的运动，其实我们肉眼所见的蛇的运动并不是真实的，而是在后台通过刷新蛇的坐标而实现的。即可以创建一个蛇的坐标列表，每移动一次，则新的坐标加入，同时删除末尾坐标，看起来像是蛇的在移动。
一个简单地设计框图如下：
代码实现
'''
my_snake.py
@authorHelloWorld!
@time:2019.10.27
'''
importrandom
importpygame
importsys
frompygame.localsimport*
windows_width=800#游戏窗口的大小，原点在左上角
windows_height=600
cell_size=20#snake的大小，需被窗口长宽整除
#一些颜色定义
white=(255,255,255)
black=(0,0,0)
gray=(230,230,230)
dark_gray=(40,40,40)
DARKGreen=(0,155,0)
Green=(0,255,0)
Red=(255,0,0)
blue=(0,0,255)
dark_blue=(0,0,139)
BG_COLOR=(184,224,217)
#贪吃蛇的地图尺寸
map_width=int(windows_width/cell_size)
map_height=int(windows_height/cell_size)
#蛇的移动速度
snake_speed=5
#方向定义
UP=1
DOWN=2
LEFT=3
RIGHT=4
#主函数
defmain_game():
pygame.init()#初始化gygame
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width,windows_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇游戏")
snake_speed_clock=pygame.time.Clock()#创建Pygame时钟对象
screen.fill(white)
whileTrue:
run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock)#游戏主体
gameover(screen)#游戏结束
defrun_game(screen,snake_speed_clock):
#初始化蛇的位置，方向，食物的位置
start_x=random.randint(3,map_width-8)
start_y=random.randint(3,map_width-8)
snake_coords=[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表
direction=RIGHT
food=get_random_location()
#循环
whileTrue:
foreventinpygame.event.get():#键盘事件监听
ifevent.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elifevent.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:#按键事件
if(event.key==K_LEFTorevent.key==K_a)anddirection!=RIGHT:
direction=LEFT
elif(event.key==K_RIGHTorevent.key==K_d)anddirection!=LEFT:
direction=RIGHT
elif(event.key==K_UPorevent.key==K_w)anddirection!=DOWN:
direction=UP
elif(event.key==K_DOWNorevent.key==K_s)anddirection!=UP:
direction=DOWN
elifevent.key==K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
snake_move(direction,snake_coords)#根据方向，移动蛇
alive=snake_is_alive(snake_coords)#判断蛇的死活
ifnotalive:#如果挂了，则终止循环，跳出run_game函数，执行gameover
break
snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food)#没挂，则看看迟到食物了吗
screen.fill(BG_COLOR)#游戏背景刷新
#下面draw，是把蛇食物等画出来
draw_snake(screen,snake_coords)
draw_food(screen,food)
draw_score(screen,len(snake_coords)-3)
#draw_grid(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
#控制执行次数
snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed)#控制fps
#根据移动方向，更新蛇头坐标
defsnake_move(directtion,snake_coords):
ifdirecttion==UP:
newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':snake_coords[0]['y']-1}
elifdirecttion==DOWN:
newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':snake_coords[0]['y']+1}
elifdirecttion==LEFT:
newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x']-1,'y':snake_coords[0]['y']}
elifdirecttion==RIGHT:
newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x']+1,'y':snake_coords[0]['y']}
snake_coords.insert(0,newHead)
defsnake_is_alive(snake_coords):#碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了
alive=True
ifsnake_coords[0]['x']==-1orsnake_coords[0]['x']==map_widthorsnake_coords[0]['y']==-1or\
snake_coords[0]['y']==map_height:
alive=False
forsnake_bodyinsnake_coords[1:]:
ifsnake_coords[0]['x']==snake_body['x']andsnake_coords[0]['y']==snake_body['y']:
alive=False
returnalive
#坐标重合，表示吃到食物了，否则就没有，则移动，把
defsnake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food):
ifsnake_coords[0]['x']==food['x']andsnake_coords[0]['y']==food['y']:
food['x']=random.randint(0,map_width-1)
food['y']=random.randint(0,map_height-1)
else:
delsnake_coords[-1]
defget_random_location():#食物的坐标随机生成
return{'x':random.randint(0,map_width-1),'y':random.randint(0,map_height-1)}
defdraw_snake(screen,snake_coords):
forcoordinsnake_coords:
x=coord['x']*cell_size
y=coord['y']*cell_size
segmentRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,dark_blue,segmentRect)
defdraw_food(screen,food):
x=food['x']*cell_size
y=food['y']*cell_size
foodRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,Red,foodRect)
defdraw_grid(screen):
forxinrange(0,windows_width,cell_size):
pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(x,0),(x,windows_height))
foryinrange(0,windows_height,cell_size):
pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(0,y),(windows_width,y))
defdraw_score(screen,score):
font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
score_str="{:,}".format(score)
score_image=font.render('Score:'+score_str,True,Green,gray)
score_rect=score_image.get_rect()
score_rect.topleft=(windows_width-200,10)
screen.blit(score_image,score_rect)
defgameover(screen):
font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
tips=font.render('PressQorESCtoquit;Pressanykeytocontinue',True,(65,105,225))
screen.blit(tips,(80,300))
pygame.display.update()
whileTrue:
foreventinpygame.event.get():
ifevent.type==QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elifevent.type==KEYDOWN:
ifevent.key==K_ESCAPEorevent.key==K_q:#终止程序
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()#终止程序
else:
return#结束此函数,重新开始游戏
if__name__=='__main__':
main_game()
功能抽象及多彩化设计
上面的实现中，我们采用的面向过程的实现方法，没有抽象，如果要设计更大的游戏则是不行的。我们可以采用抽象的方法，让实现更加条理化，同时逻辑更清晰。
同时，如果让食物的颜色不同，同时蛇吃到什么颜色的食物，那么它身体的一部分就变成相应的颜色，那么最终蛇会变成一条多彩蛇，想必很有意思。
下面我们结合上述两点来实现新的功能。代码如下：
'''
@colorful_snake.py
@authorHelloWorld!
@time:2019.10.27
@classisusedtodesignasnakegame
'''
importrandom
importpygame
frompygame.localsimport*
importsys
classSettings():
def__init__(self):
self.windows_width=800#游戏窗口的大小，原点在左上角
self.windows_height=600
self.BG_COLOR=(184,224,217)
self.cell_size=20#snake的大小，需被窗口长宽整除
self.map_width=int(self.windows_width/self.cell_size)
self.map_height=int(self.windows_height/self.cell_size)
self.Green=(0,255,0)
self.Red=(255,0,0)
self.Blue=(0,0,255)
self.orange=(255,128,0)
self.purple=(128,0,255)
self.black=(0,0,0)
self.white=(255,255,255)
self.dark_blue=(0,0,139)
self.gray=(230,230,230)
#方向
self.UP=1
self.DOWN=2
self.LEFT=3
self.RIGHT=4
classSnake():
def__init__(self,settings):
self.cell_size=settings.cell_size
self.snake_coords=[]
self.direction=settings.RIGHT
self.snake_speed=5
self.initialize_snake(settings)
definitialize_snake(self,settings):
#[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表
start_x=random.randint(3,settings.map_width-8)
start_y=random.randint(3,settings.map_width-8)
snake_coords=[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue},
{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表
self.snake_coords=snake_coords
defsnake_move(self,settings):
ifself.direction==settings.UP:
newHead={'x':self.snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':self.snake_coords[0]['y']-1,'color':settings.dark_blue}
elifself.direction==settings.DOWN:
newHead={'x':self.snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':self.snake_coords[0]['y']+1,'color':settings.dark_blue}
elifself.direction==settings.LEFT:
newHead={'x':self.snake_coords[0]['x']-1,'y':self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue}
elifself.direction==settings.RIGHT:
newHead={'x':self.snake_coords[0]['x']+1,'y':self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue}
self.snake_coords.insert(0,newHead)
defsnake_is_alive(self,settings):#碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了
alive=True
ifself.snake_coords[0]['x']==-1orself.snake_coords[0]['x']==settings.map_widthorself.snake_coords[0]['y']==-1or\
self.snake_coords[0]['y']==settings.map_height:
alive=False
forsnake_bodyinself.snake_coords[1:]:
ifself.snake_coords[0]['x']==snake_body['x']andself.snake_coords[0]['y']==snake_body['y']:
alive=False
returnalive
classFood():
def__init__(self,settings):
self.cell_size=settings.cell_size
self.color=self.initialize_food(settings)
self.x=random.randint(0,settings.map_width-1)
self.y=random.randint(0,settings.map_height-1)
definitialize_food(self,settings):
colors=[settings.Green,settings.Red,settings.Blue,settings.orange,settings.purple,settings.black]
color=random.choice(colors)
returncolor
classGameFunction():
def__init__(self,screen):
self.screen=screen
defcheck_event(self,snake,settings):
foreventinpygame.event.get():#键盘事件监听
ifevent.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elifevent.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:#按键事件
if(event.key==K_LEFTorevent.key==K_a)andsnake.direction!=settings.RIGHT:
snake.direction=settings.LEFT
elif(event.key==K_RIGHTorevent.key==K_d)andsnake.direction!=settings.LEFT:
snake.direction=settings.RIGHT
elif(event.key==K_UPorevent.key==K_w)andsnake.direction!=settings.DOWN:
snake.direction=settings.UP
elif(event.key==K_DOWNorevent.key==K_s)andsnake.direction!=settings.UP:
snake.direction=settings.DOWN
elifevent.key==K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
defsnake_eat_foods(self,snake,food,settings):
ifsnake.snake_coords[0]['x']==food.xandsnake.snake_coords[0]['y']==food.y:
snake.snake_coords[0]['color']=food.color
food.x=random.randint(0,settings.map_width-1)
food.y=random.randint(0,settings.map_height-1)
food.color=food.initialize_food(settings)
else:
foriinrange(len(snake.snake_coords)-1):
snake.snake_coords[i]['color']=snake.snake_coords[i+1]['color']
delsnake.snake_coords[-1]
defupdate(self,snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock):
screen.fill(settings.BG_COLOR)#游戏背景刷新
#下面draw，是把蛇食物等画出来
self.draw_snake(screen,snake)
self.draw_food(screen,food)
self.draw_score(screen,snake,settings)
self.draw_grid(screen,settings)
pygame.display.flip()
#控制执行次数
snake_speed_clock.tick(snake.snake_speed)#控制fps
defdraw_snake(self,screen,snake):
forcoordinsnake.snake_coords:
x=coord['x']*snake.cell_size
y=coord['y']*snake.cell_size
segmentRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,snake.cell_size,snake.cell_size)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,coord['color'],segmentRect)
defdraw_food(self,screen,food):
x=food.x*food.cell_size
y=food.y*food.cell_size
foodRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,food.cell_size,food.cell_size)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,food.color,foodRect)
defdraw_grid(self,screen,settings):
forxinrange(0,settings.windows_width,settings.cell_size):
pygame.draw.line(screen,settings.gray,(x,0),(x,settings.windows_height))
foryinrange(0,settings.windows_height,settings.cell_size):
pygame.draw.line(screen,settings.gray,(0,y),(settings.windows_width,y))
defdraw_score(self,screen,snake,settings):
score=len(snake.snake_coords)-3
font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
score_str="{:,}".format(score)
score_image=font.render('Score:'+score_str,True,settings.Green,settings.gray)
score_rect=score_image.get_rect()
score_rect.topleft=(settings.windows_width-200,10)
screen.blit(score_image,score_rect)
defgameover(self,screen):
font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
tips=font.render('PressQorESCtoquit;Pressanykeytocontinue',True,(65,105,225))
screen.blit(tips,(80,300))
pygame.display.update()
whileTrue:
foreventinpygame.event.get():
ifevent.type==QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elifevent.type==KEYDOWN:
ifevent.key==K_ESCAPEorevent.key==K_q:#终止程序
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()#终止程序
else:
return#结束此函数,重新开始游戏
#主函数
defmain_game():
pygame.init()#初始化gygame
settings=Settings()
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((settings.windows_width,settings.windows_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇游戏")
snake_speed_clock=pygame.time.Clock()#创建Pygame时钟对象
screen.fill(settings.white)
gf=GameFunction(screen)
whileTrue:
snake=Snake(settings)
food=Food(settings)
whileTrue:
gf.check_event(snake,settings)
snake.snake_move(settings)
alive=snake.snake_is_alive(settings)#判断蛇的死活
ifnotalive:#如果挂了，则终止循环，跳出run_game函数，执行gameover
break
gf.snake_eat_foods(snake,food,settings)
gf.update(snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock)
gf.gameover(screen)#游戏结束
if__name__=='__main__':
main_game()
程序效果如下：
总结
1、通过上述的代码，功能基本实现
2、多彩版的蛇的色彩太鲜艳，看起来太难受了
3、多彩版的在运行中存在不稳定情况，具体原因还没查看，请大家帮忙指出代码中的问题。
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python使用pygame工具包实现贪吃蛇游戏,希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对毛票票网站的支持！
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