Android中网络框架简单封装的实例方法
Android中网络框架的简单封装
前言
Android作为一款主要应用在移动终端的操作系统，访问网络是必不可少的功能。访问网络，最基本的接口有：HttpUrlConnection,HttpClient，而在后续的发展中，出现了Volley，OkHttp，Retrofit等网络封装库。由于各种原因，在实际的项目开发中，我们可能会需要在项目的版本迭代中，切换网络框架。如果对于网络框架没有好的封装，那么当需要切换网络框架时，可能就会有大量的迁移工作要做。
封装网络框架
在架构设计中，面向接口和抽象，是解耦的一个重要原则。本文将基于这一原则，实现一个简单的网络框架封装。
定义网络访问的接口
抽取出不同网络框架的共同方法，定义成接口方法。
publicinterfaceIHttpLoader{
/**
*GET方式请求
*
*@paramurl
*@paramparams
*@paramcallback
*/
voidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,IHttpCallbackcallback);
/**
*POST方式请求
*
*@paramurl
*@paramparams
*@paramcallback
*/
voidpost(Stringurl,Mapparams,IHttpCallbackcallback);
}
定义网络访问的Callback
publicinterfaceIHttpCallback{
/**
*成功时的回调
*
*@paramresult
*/
voidonSuccess(Stringresult);
/**
*失败时的回调
*
*@parammsg
*/
voidonFailed(Stringmsg);
}
定义具体的接口实现类
分别对具体的网络框架进行接口实现，这里以Volley和OkHttp为例
Volley的实现类
publicclassVolleyHttpLoaderimplementsIHttpLoader{
privatestaticRequestQueuemRequestQueue;
publicVolleyHttpLoader(Contextcontext){
mRequestQueue=Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
}
@Override
publicvoidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){
StringRequestrequest=newStringRequest(Request.Method.GET,url,
newResponse.Listener(){
@Override
publicvoidonResponse(Strings){
callback.onSuccess(s);
}
},newResponse.ErrorListener(){
@Override
publicvoidonErrorResponse(VolleyErrorvolleyError){
callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString());
}
});
mRequestQueue.add(request);
}
@Override
publicvoidpost(Stringurl,Mapparams,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){
StringRequestrequest=newStringRequest(Request.Method.POST,url,
newResponse.Listener(){
@Override
publicvoidonResponse(Strings){
callback.onSuccess(s);
}
},newResponse.ErrorListener(){
@Override
publicvoidonErrorResponse(VolleyErrorvolleyError){
callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString());
}
});
mRequestQueue.add(request);
}
}
OkHttp的实现类
publicclassOkHttpLoaderimplementsIHttpLoader{
privatestaticOkHttpClientmOkHttpClient;
publicOkHttpLoader(){
mOkHttpClient=newOkHttpClient();
}
@Override
publicvoidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder().url(url).build();
mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(newCallback(){
@Override
publicvoidonFailure(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullIOExceptione){
callback.onFailed(e.toString());
}
@Override
publicvoidonResponse(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullResponseresponse)throwsIOException{
if(response.isSuccessful()){
Stringresult=response.body().string();
callback.onSuccess(result);
}else{
callback.onFailed(response.message());
}
}
});
}
@Override
publicvoidpost(Stringurl,Mapparams,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){
RequestBodyrequestBody=appendBody(params);
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder().post(requestBody).url(url).build();
mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(newCallback(){
@Override
publicvoidonFailure(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullIOExceptione){
callback.onFailed(e.toString());
}
@Override
publicvoidonResponse(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullResponseresponse)throwsIOException{
if(response.isSuccessful()){
Stringresult=response.body().string();
callback.onSuccess(result);
}else{
callback.onFailed(response.message());
}
}
});
}
privateRequestBodyappendBody(Mapparams){
FormBody.Builderbody=newFormBody.Builder();
if(params==null||params.isEmpty()){
returnbody.build();
}
for(Map.Entryentry:params.entrySet()){
body.add(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue().toString());
}
returnbody.build();
}
}
定义Callback的实现
publicabstractclassHttpCallbackimplementsIHttpCallback{ @Override publicvoidonSuccess(Stringresult){ Gsongson=newGson(); Classclazz=analysisClazzInfo(this); ResultresultObj=(Result)gson.fromJson(result,clazz); onSuccess(resultObj); } /** *成功时的回调 * *@paramresult */ publicabstractvoidonSuccess(Resultresult); privateClassanalysisClazzInfo(Objectobject){ TypegenType=object.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); Type[]params=((ParameterizedType)genType).getActualTypeArguments(); return(Class)params[0]; } }
返回的数据Bean
publicclassData{
privateinterrorCode;
privateStringerrorMsg;
privateListdata;
publicintgetErrorCode(){
returnerrorCode;
}
publicvoidsetErrorCode(interrorCode){
this.errorCode=errorCode;
}
publicStringgetErrorMsg(){
returnerrorMsg;
}
publicvoidsetErrorMsg(StringerrorMsg){
this.errorMsg=errorMsg;
}
publicListgetData(){
returndata;
}
publicvoidsetData(Listdata){
this.data=data;
}
publicstaticclassDataBean{
privateintcourseId;
privateintid;
privateStringname;
privateintorder;
privateintparentChapterId;
privatebooleanuserControlSetTop;
privateintvisible;
privateListchildren;
publicintgetCourseId(){
returncourseId;
}
publicvoidsetCourseId(intcourseId){
this.courseId=courseId;
}
publicintgetId(){
returnid;
}
publicvoidsetId(intid){
this.id=id;
}
publicStringgetName(){
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
this.name=name;
}
publicintgetOrder(){
returnorder;
}
publicvoidsetOrder(intorder){
this.order=order;
}
publicintgetParentChapterId(){
returnparentChapterId;
}
publicvoidsetParentChapterId(intparentChapterId){
this.parentChapterId=parentChapterId;
}
publicbooleanisUserControlSetTop(){
returnuserControlSetTop;
}
publicvoidsetUserControlSetTop(booleanuserControlSetTop){
this.userControlSetTop=userControlSetTop;
}
publicintgetVisible(){
returnvisible;
}
publicvoidsetVisible(intvisible){
this.visible=visible;
}
publicListgetChildren(){
returnchildren;
}
publicvoidsetChildren(Listchildren){
this.children=children;
}
@Override
publicStringtoString(){
return"DataBean{"+
"courseId="+courseId+
",id="+id+
",name='"+name+'\''+
",order="+order+
",parentChapterId="+parentChapterId+
",userControlSetTop="+userControlSetTop+
",visible="+visible+
",children="+children+
'}';
}
}
@Override
publicStringtoString(){
return"Data{"+
"errorCode="+errorCode+
",errorMsg='"+errorMsg+'\''+
",data="+data+
'}';
}
}
定义统一管理类
publicclassHttpHelperimplementsIHttpLoader{
privatestaticIHttpLoadermHttpLoader;
privateHttpHelper(){
}
publicstaticvoidinit(IHttpLoaderhttpLoader){
mHttpLoader=httpLoader;
}
publicstaticHttpHelperobtain(){
returnHttpHelperHolder.INSTANCE;
}
staticclassHttpHelperHolder{
privatestaticHttpHelperINSTANCE=newHttpHelper();
}
@Override
publicvoidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,IHttpCallbackcallback){
mHttpLoader.get(url,params,callback);
}
@Override
publicvoidpost(Stringurl,Mapparams,IHttpCallbackcallback){
mHttpLoader.post(url,params,callback);
}
}
在Application中初始化
定义一个继承自Application的类，在onCreate方法中初始化网络访问
publicclassAppextendsApplication{
@Override
publicvoidonCreate(){
super.onCreate();
//HttpHelper.init(newOkHttpLoader());
HttpHelper.init(newVolleyHttpLoader(this));
}
}
后续如果需要切换网络框架，只需要在这里修改就可以了。
应用
publicclassMainActivityextendsAppCompatActivity{
privatestaticfinalStringURL_HTTP="https://www.wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json";
privateImageViewmIv;
@Override
protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mTv=findViewById(R.id.tv);
findViewById(R.id.btn_get).setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener(){
@Override
publicvoidonClick(Viewv){
HttpHelper.obtain().get(URL_HTTP,null,newHttpCallback(){
@Override
publicvoidonFailed(finalStringmsg){
runOnUiThread(newRunnable(){
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
mTv.setText(msg);
}
});
}
@Override
publicvoidonSuccess(finalDatadata){
runOnUiThread(newRunnable(){
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
mTv.setText(data.toString());
}
});
}
});
}
});
}
}
结束
这里介绍的，其实只是一个封装的思路。基于这个思路，还可以封装常用的图片访问库等。可以自由拓展。
源码地址：https://github.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/Loader
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