Android录屏的三种解决方案
本文总结三种用于安卓录屏的解决方案：
adbshell命令screenrecord
MediaRecorder，MediaProjection
MediaProjection,MediaCodec和MediaMuxer
screenrecord命令
screenrecord是一个shell命令，支持Android4.4(APIlevel19)以上，录制的视频格式为mp4,存放到手机sd卡里，默认录制时间为180s
adbshellscreenrecord--size1280*720--bit-rate6000000--time-limit30/sdcard/demo.mp4
--size指定视频分辨率；
--bit-rate指定视频比特率，默认为4M，该值越小，保存的视频文件越小；
--time-limit指定录制时长，若设定大于180，命令不会被执行；
MediaRecorder
MediaProjection是Android5.0后才开放的屏幕采集接口，通过系统级服务MediaProjectionManager进行管理。
录屏过程可以分成两个部分，即通过MediaProjectionManage申请录屏权限，用户允许后开始录制屏幕；然后通过MediaRecorder对音视频数据进行处理。
获取MediaProjectionManager实例
MediaProjectionManagermProjectionManager=(MediaProjectionManager)getSystemService("media_projection");
申请权限
IntentcaptureIntent=mProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent();
startActivityForResult(captureIntent,LOCAL_REQUEST_CODE);
createScreenCaptureIntent()这个方法会返回一个intent，你可以通过startActivityForResult方法来传递这个intent，为了能开始屏幕捕捉，activity会提示用户是否允许屏幕捕捉（为了防止开发者做一个木马，来捕获用户私人信息），你可以通过getMediaProjection来获取屏幕捕捉的结果。
在onActivityResult中获取结果
@Override
publicvoidonActivityResult(intrequestCode,intresultCode,Intentdata){
MediaProjectionmediaProjection=mProjectionManager.getMediaProjection(resultCode,data);
if(mediaProjection==null){
Log.e(TAG,"mediaprojectionisnull");
return;
}
Filefile=newFile("xx.mp4");//录屏生成文件
mediaRecord=newMediaRecordService(displayWidth,displayHeight,6000000,1,
mediaProjection,file.getAbsolutePath());
mediaRecord.start();
}
创建MediaRecorder进程
packagecom.unionpay.service;
importandroid.hardware.display.DisplayManager;
importandroid.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
importandroid.media.MediaRecorder;
importandroid.media.projection.MediaProjection;
importandroid.util.Log;
publicclassMediaRecordServiceextendsThread{
privatestaticfinalStringTAG="MediaRecordService";
privateintmWidth;
privateintmHeight;
privateintmBitRate;
privateintmDpi;
privateStringmDstPath;
privateMediaRecordermMediaRecorder;
privateMediaProjectionmMediaProjection;
privatestaticfinalintFRAME_RATE=60;//60fps
privateVirtualDisplaymVirtualDisplay;
publicMediaRecordService(intwidth,intheight,intbitrate,intdpi,MediaProjectionmp,StringdstPath){
mWidth=width;
mHeight=height;
mBitRate=bitrate;
mDpi=dpi;
mMediaProjection=mp;
mDstPath=dstPath;
}
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
try{
initMediaRecorder();
//在mediarecorder.prepare()方法后调用
mVirtualDisplay=mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay(TAG+"-display",mWidth,mHeight,mDpi,
DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_PUBLIC,mMediaRecorder.getSurface(),null,null);
Log.i(TAG,"createdvirtualdisplay:"+mVirtualDisplay);
mMediaRecorder.start();
Log.i(TAG,"mediarecorderstart");
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*初始化MediaRecorder
*
*@return
*/
publicvoidinitMediaRecorder(){
mMediaRecorder=newMediaRecorder();
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.SURFACE);
mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mDstPath);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSize(mWidth,mHeight);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoFrameRate(FRAME_RATE);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncodingBitRate(mBitRate);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);
mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
try{
mMediaRecorder.prepare();
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.i(TAG,"mediarecorder"+mBitRate+"kps");
}
publicvoidrelease(){
if(mVirtualDisplay!=null){
mVirtualDisplay.release();
mVirtualDisplay=null;
}
if(mMediaRecorder!=null){
mMediaRecorder.setOnErrorListener(null);
mMediaProjection.stop();
mMediaRecorder.reset();
mMediaRecorder.release();
}
if(mMediaProjection!=null){
mMediaProjection.stop();
mMediaProjection=null;
}
Log.i(TAG,"release");
}
}
MediaCodec与MediaMuxer
MediaCodec提供对音视频压缩编码和解码功能，MediaMuxer可以将音视频混合生成多媒体文件，生成MP4文件。
与MediaRecorder类似，都需要先通过MediaProjectionManager获取录屏权限，在回调中进行屏幕数据处理。
这里创建另一个进程：
packagecom.unionpay.service;
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.nio.ByteBuffer;
importjava.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
importandroid.hardware.display.DisplayManager;
importandroid.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
importandroid.media.MediaCodec;
importandroid.media.MediaCodecInfo;
importandroid.media.MediaFormat;
importandroid.media.MediaMuxer;
importandroid.media.projection.MediaProjection;
importandroid.util.Log;
importandroid.view.Surface;
publicclassScreenRecordServiceextendsThread{
privatestaticfinalStringTAG="ScreenRecordService";
privateintmWidth;
privateintmHeight;
privateintmBitRate;
privateintmDpi;
privateStringmDstPath;
privateMediaProjectionmMediaProjection;
//parametersfortheencoder
privatestaticfinalStringMIME_TYPE="video/avc";//H.264Advanced
//VideoCoding
privatestaticfinalintFRAME_RATE=30;//30fps
privatestaticfinalintIFRAME_INTERVAL=10;//10secondsbetween
//I-frames
privatestaticfinalintTIMEOUT_US=10000;
privateMediaCodecmEncoder;
privateSurfacemSurface;
privateMediaMuxermMuxer;
privatebooleanmMuxerStarted=false;
privateintmVideoTrackIndex=-1;
privateAtomicBooleanmQuit=newAtomicBoolean(false);
privateMediaCodec.BufferInfomBufferInfo=newMediaCodec.BufferInfo();
privateVirtualDisplaymVirtualDisplay;
publicScreenRecordService(intwidth,intheight,intbitrate,intdpi,MediaProjectionmp,StringdstPath){
super(TAG);
mWidth=width;
mHeight=height;
mBitRate=bitrate;
mDpi=dpi;
mMediaProjection=mp;
mDstPath=dstPath;
}
/**
*stoptask
*/
publicfinalvoidquit(){
mQuit.set(true);
}
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
try{
try{
prepareEncoder();
mMuxer=newMediaMuxer(mDstPath,MediaMuxer.OutputFormat.MUXER_OUTPUT_MPEG_4);
}catch(IOExceptione){
thrownewRuntimeException(e);
}
mVirtualDisplay=mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay(TAG+"-display",mWidth,mHeight,mDpi,
DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_PUBLIC,mSurface,null,null);
Log.d(TAG,"createdvirtualdisplay:"+mVirtualDisplay);
recordVirtualDisplay();
}finally{
release();
}
}
privatevoidrecordVirtualDisplay(){
while(!mQuit.get()){
intindex=mEncoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(mBufferInfo,TIMEOUT_US);
//Log.i(TAG,"dequeueoutputbufferindex="+index);
if(index==MediaCodec.INFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED){
//后续输出格式变化
resetOutputFormat();
}elseif(index==MediaCodec.INFO_TRY_AGAIN_LATER){
//请求超时
//Log.d(TAG,"retrievingbufferstimeout!");
try{
//wait10ms
Thread.sleep(10);
}catch(InterruptedExceptione){
}
}elseif(index>=0){
//有效输出
if(!mMuxerStarted){
thrownewIllegalStateException("MediaMuxerdosenotcalladdTrack(format)");
}
encodeToVideoTrack(index);
mEncoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index,false);
}
}
}
/**
*硬解码获取实时帧数据并写入mp4文件
*
*@paramindex
*/
privatevoidencodeToVideoTrack(intindex){
//获取到的实时帧视频数据
ByteBufferencodedData=mEncoder.getOutputBuffer(index);
if((mBufferInfo.flags&MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG)!=0){
//Thecodecconfigdatawaspulledoutandfedtothemuxer
//whenwegot
//theINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGEDstatus.
//Ignoreit.
Log.d(TAG,"ignoringBUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG");
mBufferInfo.size=0;
}
if(mBufferInfo.size==0){
Log.d(TAG,"info.size==0,dropit.");
encodedData=null;
}else{
//Log.d(TAG,"gotbuffer,info:size="+mBufferInfo.size+",presentationTimeUs="
//+mBufferInfo.presentationTimeUs+",offset="+mBufferInfo.offset);
}
if(encodedData!=null){
mMuxer.writeSampleData(mVideoTrackIndex,encodedData,mBufferInfo);
}
}
privatevoidresetOutputFormat(){
//shouldhappenbeforereceivingbuffers,andshouldonlyhappen
//once
if(mMuxerStarted){
thrownewIllegalStateException("outputformatalreadychanged!");
}
MediaFormatnewFormat=mEncoder.getOutputFormat();
mVideoTrackIndex=mMuxer.addTrack(newFormat);
mMuxer.start();
mMuxerStarted=true;
Log.i(TAG,"startedmediamuxer,videoIndex="+mVideoTrackIndex);
}
privatevoidprepareEncoder()throwsIOException{
MediaFormatformat=MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(MIME_TYPE,mWidth,mHeight);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT,MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatSurface);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE,mBitRate);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE,FRAME_RATE);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL,IFRAME_INTERVAL);
Log.d(TAG,"createdvideoformat:"+format);
mEncoder=MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(MIME_TYPE);
mEncoder.configure(format,null,null,MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
mSurface=mEncoder.createInputSurface();
Log.d(TAG,"createdinputsurface:"+mSurface);
mEncoder.start();
}
privatevoidrelease(){
if(mEncoder!=null){
mEncoder.stop();
mEncoder.release();
mEncoder=null;
}
if(mVirtualDisplay!=null){
mVirtualDisplay.release();
}
if(mMediaProjection!=null){
mMediaProjection.stop();
}
if(mMuxer!=null){
mMuxer.stop();
mMuxer.release();
mMuxer=null;
}
}
}
该进程只实现了视频录制，调用该进程只需修改主进程中的onActivityResult方法。
总结
MediaProjection似乎只有在屏幕发生变化时才传输，因此录屏推流的画面显得不够流畅
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