微信小程序订阅消息(java后端实现)开发
订阅消息说明
订阅消息是微信近期新出的一个能力,用来代替原有的模板消息(原有的模板消息即将下线)
订阅消息的功能较模板消息有所提升,"7天"的限制取消,同时有"一次性"和"永久"订阅.(功能上是这样说的,但是实际开发时发现"永久"订阅还是对小程序的服务类目有要求的,客户的小程序只支持"一次性"订阅)
官方通道:
小程序前端:点击进入
小程序服务端:点击进入
开发思路
用户在小程序内触发按钮或进行支付操作时前端调用订阅消息授权框,默认一次授权只能发送一次订阅消息
如果用户勾选"下次自动授权",下次将不再弹出授权框->点击按钮直接拥有一次发送订阅消息的机会,此处不需要模板消息的"formId",较之前更简单
经过测试,如果在小程序上多次点击触发授权的按钮,发送订阅消息的机会可以累加!!!
(如,1分钟内点击了10次按钮,后面将拥有10次发送订阅消息的机会,什么时候发都可以)
代码实现(仅java后端)
实体类部分
1.TemplateParam.java
publicclassTemplateParam{
privateStringkey;
privateStringvalue;
publicTemplateParam(Stringkey,Stringvalue){
this.key=key;
this.value=value;
}
publicStringgetValue(){
returnvalue;
}
publicvoidsetValue(Stringvalue){
this.value=value;
}
publicStringgetKey(){
returnkey;
}
publicvoidsetKey(Stringkey){
this.key=key;
}
}
2.Template.java
importjava.util.List;
publicclassTemplate{
privateStringtouser;
privateStringtemplate_id;
privateStringpage;
privateListtemplateParamList;
publicStringgetTouser(){
returntouser;
}
publicvoidsetTouser(Stringtouser){
this.touser=touser;
}
publicStringgetTemplate_id(){
returntemplate_id;
}
publicvoidsetTemplate_id(Stringtemplate_id){
this.template_id=template_id;
}
publicStringgetPage(){
returnpage;
}
publicvoidsetPage(Stringpage){
this.page=page;
}
publicStringtoJSON(){
StringBufferbuffer=newStringBuffer();
buffer.append("{");
buffer.append(String.format("\"touser\":\"%s\"",this.touser)).append(",");
buffer.append(String.format("\"template_id\":\"%s\"",this.template_id)).append(",");
buffer.append(String.format("\"page\":\"%s\"",this.page)).append(",");
buffer.append("\"data\":{");
TemplateParamparam=null;
for(inti=0;igetTemplateParamList(){
returntemplateParamList;
}
publicvoidsetTemplateParamList(ListtemplateParamList){
this.templateParamList=templateParamList;
}
}
工具类部分
1.CommonUtil.java
importjava.io.BufferedReader;
importjava.io.InputStream;
importjava.io.InputStreamReader;
importjava.io.OutputStream;
importjava.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
importjava.net.ConnectException;
importjava.net.HttpURLConnection;
importjava.net.URL;
importjavax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
importjavax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
importjavax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
importjavax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
importnet.sf.json.JSONObject;
publicclassCommonUtil{
publicstaticJSONObjecthttpsRequest(StringrequestUrl,StringrequestMethod,StringoutputStr){
JSONObjectjsonObject=null;
StringBufferbuffer=newStringBuffer();
try{
//创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[]tm={newMyX509TrustManager()};
SSLContextsslContext=SSLContext.getInstance("SSL","SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null,tm,newjava.security.SecureRandom());
//从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactoryssf=sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URLurl=newURL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnectionhttpUrlConn=(HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
//设置请求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
//当有数据需要提交时
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStreamoutputStream=httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
//注意编码格式，防止中文乱码
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
//将返回的输入流转换成字符串
InputStreaminputStream=httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReaderinputStreamReader=newInputStreamReader(inputStream,"utf-8");
BufferedReaderbufferedReader=newBufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
Stringstr=null;
while((str=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
//释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream=null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
}catch(ConnectExceptionce){
ce.printStackTrace();
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
returnjsonObject;
}
publicstaticStringhttpRequest(StringrequestUrl,StringrequestMethod,StringoutputStr){
StringBufferbuffer=newStringBuffer();
try{
URLurl=newURL(requestUrl);
HttpURLConnectionhttpUrlConn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
//设置请求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
//当有数据需要提交时
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStreamoutputStream=httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
//注意编码格式，防止中文乱码
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
//将返回的输入流转换成字符串
InputStreaminputStream=httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReaderinputStreamReader=newInputStreamReader(inputStream,"utf-8");
BufferedReaderbufferedReader=newBufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
Stringstr=null;
while((str=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
//释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream=null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
//jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
}catch(ConnectExceptionce){
ce.printStackTrace();
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
returnbuffer.toString();
}
publicstaticStringurlEncodeUTF8(Stringsource){
Stringresult=source;
try{
result=java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source,"utf-8");
}catch(UnsupportedEncodingExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
returnresult;
}
publicstaticStringhttpsRequestForStr(StringrequestUrl,StringrequestMethod,StringoutputStr){
Stringresult="";
StringBufferbuffer=newStringBuffer();
try{
//创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[]tm={newMyX509TrustManager()};
SSLContextsslContext=SSLContext.getInstance("SSL","SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null,tm,newjava.security.SecureRandom());
//从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactoryssf=sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URLurl=newURL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnectionhttpUrlConn=(HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
//设置请求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
//当有数据需要提交时
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStreamoutputStream=httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
//注意编码格式，防止中文乱码
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
//将返回的输入流转换成字符串
InputStreaminputStream=httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReaderinputStreamReader=newInputStreamReader(inputStream,"utf-8");
BufferedReaderbufferedReader=newBufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
Stringstr=null;
while((str=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
//释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream=null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
result=buffer.toString();
}catch(ConnectExceptionce){
ce.printStackTrace();
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
returnresult;
}
}
2.HttpUtil.java
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.util.ArrayList;
importjava.util.List;
importjava.util.Map;
importorg.apache.http.Consts;
importorg.apache.http.HttpEntity;
importorg.apache.http.NameValuePair;
importorg.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
importorg.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
importorg.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
importorg.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
importorg.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
importorg.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
importorg.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
importorg.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
publicclassHttpUtil{
privatestaticfinalCloseableHttpClienthttpclient=HttpClients.createDefault();
/**
*发送HttpGet请求
*@paramurl
*@return
*/
publicstaticStringsendGet(Stringurl){
HttpGethttpget=newHttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=null;
try{
response=httpclient.execute(httpget);
}catch(IOExceptione1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}
Stringresult=null;
try{
HttpEntityentity=response.getEntity();
if(entity!=null){
result=EntityUtils.toString(entity);
}
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
response.close();
}catch(IOExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
returnresult;
}
/**
*发送HttpPost请求，参数为map
*@paramurl
*@parammap
*@return
*/
publicstaticStringsendPost(Stringurl,Mapmap){
Listformparams=newArrayList();
for(Map.Entryentry:map.entrySet()){
formparams.add(newBasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntityentity=newUrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams,Consts.UTF_8);
HttpPosthttppost=newHttpPost(url);
httppost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=null;
try{
response=httpclient.execute(httppost);
}catch(IOExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpEntityentity1=response.getEntity();
Stringresult=null;
try{
result=EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
returnresult;
}
/**
*发送不带参数的HttpPost请求
*@paramurl
*@return
*/
publicstaticStringsendPost(Stringurl){
HttpPosthttppost=newHttpPost(url);
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=null;
try{
response=httpclient.execute(httppost);
}catch(IOExceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpEntityentity=response.getEntity();
Stringresult=null;
try{
result=EntityUtils.toString(entity);
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
}
returnresult;
}
}
jar包:
1.fastjson-1.2.44.jar
控制层代码:
1.获取ACCESS_TOKEN
Stringurl="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="
+小程序的appid
+"&secret="
+小程序的Secret
Stringresult=HttpUtil.sendGet(url);
JSONObjectobject=JSON.parseObject(result);
StringAccess_Token=object.getString("access_token");
2.发送订阅消息
Templatetemplate=newTemplate();
template.setTemplate_id("填写小程序申请的订阅消息id");
template.setTouser("用户的openid");
template.setPage("pages/index/index");
Listparas=newArrayList();
paras.add(newTemplateParam("character_string2","000001"));
paras.add(newTemplateParam("amount1","888.88"));
paras.add(newTemplateParam("date3","2015年01月05日"));
paras.add(newTemplateParam("thing4","请进入小程序查1看"));
template.setTemplateParamList(paras);
StringrequestUrl="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
requestUrl=requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN",Access_Token);
System.out.println(template.toJSON());
net.sf.json.JSONObjectjsonResult=CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl,"POST",template.toJSON());
if(jsonResult!=null){
System.out.println(jsonResult);
interrorCode=jsonResult.getInt("errcode");
StringerrorMessage=jsonResult.getString("errmsg");
if(errorCode==0){
System.out.println("SendSuccess");
}else{
System.out.println("订阅消息发送失败:"+errorCode+","+errorMessage);
}
}
总结
1.本文阅读对象为初学者,所有各种工具类.jar包都粘出来了,直接复制即可使用
2.通过该功能的开发,发现小程序的通知类功能监管更加严格,必须用户授权才可以发订阅消息,同时用户可以更方便的取消订阅,所以建议开发者慎用此功能
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