ASP.NET Core对Controller进行单元测试的完整步骤
前言
单元测试对我们的代码质量非常重要。很多同学都会对业务逻辑或者工具方法写测试用例,但是往往忽略了对Controller层写单元测试。我所在的公司没见过一个对Controller写过测试的。今天来演示下如果对Controller进行单元测试。以下内容默认您对单元测试有所了解,比如如何mock一个接口。在这里多叨叨一句,面向接口的好处,除了能够快速的替换实现类(其实大部分接口不会有多个实现),最大的好处就是可以进行mock,可以进行单元测试。
测试Action
下面的Action非常简单,非常常见的一种代码。根据用户id去获取用户信息然后展示出来。下面看看如何对这个Action进行测试。
publicclassUserController:Controller
{
privatereadonlyIUserService_userService;
publicUserController(IUserServiceuserService)
{
_userService=userService;
}
publicIActionResultUserInfo(stringuserId)
{
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId))
{
thrownewArgumentNullException(nameof(userId));
}
varuser=_userService.Get(userId);
returnView(user);
}
}
测试代码:
[TestMethod()]
publicvoidUserInfoTest()
{
varuserService=newMock();
userService.Setup(s=>s.Get(It.IsAny())).Returns(newUser());
varctrl=newUserController(userService.Object);
//对空参数进行assert
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo(null);
});
//对空参数进行assert
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("");
});
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("1");
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result,typeof(ViewResult));
}
我们对一个Action进行测试主要的思路就是模拟各种入参,使测试代码能够到达所有的分支,并且Assert输出是否为空,是否为指定的类型等。
对ViewModel进行测试
我们编写Action的时候还会涉及ViewModel给视图传递数据,这部分也需要进行测试。修改测试用例,加入对ViewModel的测试代码:
[TestMethod()]
publicvoidUserInfoTest()
{
varuserService=newMock();
userService.Setup(s=>s.Get(It.IsAny())).Returns(newUser()
{
Id="x"
});
varctrl=newUserController(userService.Object);
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo(null);
});
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("");
});
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("1");
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result,typeof(ViewResult));
//对viewModel进行assert
varvr=resultasViewResult;
Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model,typeof(User));
varuser=vr.ModelasUser;
Assert.AreEqual("x",user.Id);
}
对ViewData进行测试
我们编写Action的时候还会涉及ViewData给视图传递数据,这部分同样需要测试。修改Action代码,对ViewData进行赋值:
publicIActionResultUserInfo(stringuserId)
{
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId))
{
thrownewArgumentNullException(nameof(userId));
}
varuser=_userService.Get(userId);
ViewData["title"]="user_info";
returnView(user);
}
修改测试用例,加入对ViewData的测试代码:
[TestMethod()]
publicvoidUserInfoTest()
{
varuserService=newMock();
userService.Setup(s=>s.Get(It.IsAny())).Returns(newUser()
{
Id="x"
});
varctrl=newUserController(userService.Object);
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo(null);
});
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("");
});
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("1");
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result,typeof(ViewResult));
varvr=resultasViewResult;
Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model,typeof(User));
varuser=vr.ModelasUser;
Assert.AreEqual("x",user.Id);
//对viewData进行assert
Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey("title"));
vartitle=vr.ViewData["title"];
Assert.AreEqual("user_info",title);
}
对ViewBag进行测试
因为ViewBag事实上是ViewData的dynamic类型的包装,所以Action代码不用改,可以直接对ViewBag进行测试:
[TestMethod()]
publicvoidUserInfoTest()
{
varuserService=newMock();
userService.Setup(s=>s.Get(It.IsAny())).Returns(newUser()
{
Id="x"
});
varctrl=newUserController(userService.Object);
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo(null);
});
Assert.ThrowsException(()=>{
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("");
});
varresult=ctrl.UserInfo("1");
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result,typeof(ViewResult));
varvr=resultasViewResult;
Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model,typeof(User));
varuser=vr.ModelasUser;
Assert.AreEqual("x",user.Id);
Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey("title"));
vartitle=vr.ViewData["title"];
Assert.AreEqual("user_info",title);
//对viewBag进行assert
stringtitle1=ctrl.ViewBag.title;
Assert.AreEqual("user_info",title1);
}
设置HttpContext
我们编写Action的时候很多时候需要调用基类里的HttpContext,比如获取Request对象,获取Path,获取Headers等等,所以有的时候需要自己实例化HttpContext以进行测试。
varctrl=newAccountController(); ctrl.ControllerContext=newControllerContext(); ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext=newDefaultHttpContext();
对HttpContext.SignInAsync进行mock
我们使用ASP.NETCore框架进行登录认证的时候,往往使用HttpContext.SignInAsync进行认证授权,所以单元测试的时候也需要进行mock。下面是一个典型的登录Action,对密码进行认证后调用SignInAsync在客户端生成登录凭证,否则跳到登录失败页面。
publicasyncTaskLogin(stringpassword) { if(password=="123") { varclaims=newList { newClaim("UserName","x") }; varauthProperties=newAuthenticationProperties { }; varclaimsIdentity=newClaimsIdentity( claims,CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme); awaitHttpContext.SignInAsync( CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, newClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity), authProperties); returnRedirect("login_success"); } returnRedirect("login_fail"); }
HttpContext.SignInAsync其实个时扩展方法,SignInAsync其实最终是调用了IAuthenticationService里的SignInAsync方法。所以我们需要mock的就是IAuthenticationService接口,否者代码走到HttpContext.SignInAsync会提示找不到IAuthenticationService的service。而IAuthenticationService本身是通过IServiceProvider注入到程序里的,所以同时需要mock接口IServiceProvider。
[TestMethod()]
publicasyncTaskLoginTest()
{
varctrl=newAccountController();
varauthenticationService=newMock();
varsp=newMock();
sp.Setup(s=>s.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService)))
.Returns(()=>{
returnauthenticationService.Object;
});
ctrl.ControllerContext=newControllerContext();
ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext=newDefaultHttpContext();
ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices=sp.Object;
varresult=awaitctrl.Login("123");
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result,typeof(RedirectResult));
varrr=resultasRedirectResult;
Assert.AreEqual("login_success",rr.Url);
result=awaitctrl.Login("1");
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result,typeof(RedirectResult));
rr=resultasRedirectResult;
Assert.AreEqual("login_fail",rr.Url);
}
对HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync进行mock
HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync同样比较常用。这个扩展方法同样是在IAuthenticationService里,所以测试代码跟上面的SignInAsync类似,只是需要对AuthenticateAsync继续mock返回值successorfail。
publicasyncTaskLogin() { if((awaitHttpContext.AuthenticateAsync()).Succeeded) { returnRedirect("/home"); } returnRedirect("/login"); }
测试用例:
[TestMethod()]
publicasyncTaskLoginTest1()
{
varauthenticationService=newMock();
//设置AuthenticateAsync为success
authenticationService.Setup(s=>s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAny(),It.IsAny()))
.ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Success(newAuthenticationTicket(newSystem.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(),"")));
varsp=newMock();
sp.Setup(s=>s.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService)))
.Returns(()=>{
returnauthenticationService.Object;
});
varctrl=newAccountController();
ctrl.ControllerContext=newControllerContext();
ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext=newDefaultHttpContext();
ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices=sp.Object;
varact=awaitctrl.Login();
Assert.IsNotNull(act);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act,typeof(RedirectResult));
varrd=actasRedirectResult;
Assert.AreEqual("/home",rd.Url);
//设置AuthenticateAsync为fail
authenticationService.Setup(s=>s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAny(),It.IsAny()))
.ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Fail(""));
act=awaitctrl.Login();
Assert.IsNotNull(act);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act,typeof(RedirectResult));
rd=actasRedirectResult;
Assert.AreEqual("/login",rd.Url);
}
Filter进行测试
我们写Controller的时候往往需要配合很多Filter使用,所以Filter的测试也很重要。下面演示下如何对Fitler进行测试。
publicclassMyFilter:ActionFilterAttribute
{
publicoverridevoidOnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContextcontext)
{
if(context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value.Contains("/abc/"))
{
context.Result=newContentResult(){
Content="拒绝访问"
};
}
base.OnActionExecuting(context);
}
}
对Filter的测试最主要的是模拟ActionExecutingContext参数,以及其中的HttpContext等,然后对预期进行Assert。
[TestMethod()]
publicvoidOnActionExecutingTest()
{
varfilter=newMyFilter();
varactContext=newActionContext(newDefaultHttpContext(),newRouteData(),newActionDescriptor());
actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path="/abc/123";
varlistFilters=newList();
varargDict=newDictionary();
varactExContext=newActionExecutingContext(
actContext,
listFilters,
argDict,
newAccountController()
);
filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext);
Assert.IsNotNull(actExContext.Result);
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(actExContext.Result,typeof(ContentResult));
varcr=actExContext.ResultasContentResult;
Assert.AreEqual("拒绝访问",cr.Content);
actContext=newActionContext(newDefaultHttpContext(),newRouteData(),newActionDescriptor());
actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path="/1/123";
listFilters=newList();
argDict=newDictionary();
actExContext=newActionExecutingContext(
actContext,
listFilters,
argDict,
newAccountController()
);
filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext);
Assert.IsNull(actExContext.Result);
}
总结
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