mongodb 4.0副本集搭建的全过程
前言
近期有同学问mongodb副本集难不难部署，我的回答是不难，很快，几分钟搞定，比mysqlMHA简单的不止一点半点。那么到底如何部署呢？请看下文。
1. 准备工作
1.1下载软件
选择版本并下载mongodb的软件，注意操作系统版本等。本次我选用的是percona分支的mongodb4.2.8版本搭建，操作系统为centos6
cd/usr/local/ wgethttps://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-server-mongodb-LATEST/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8/binary/tarball/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz tar-zxvfpercona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz ln-spercona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8mongodb
1.2 规划各节点角色
各节点角色如下
| IP | port | role |
| 192.168.128.208 | 27017 | PRIMARY |
| 192.168.128.209 | 27017 | SECONDARY |
| 192.168.128.209 | 28017 | ARBITER |
2 部署
2.1 创建各节点相关目录
创建数据目录、日志目录等相关目录
[root@m1~]#mkdir-p/data/mongodb/27017/{data,logs,tmp,etc,keyfile}
[root@m1~]#cd/data/mongodb/27017/
[root@m127017]#ll
总用量20
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot40968月716:59data
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot40968月716:59etc
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot40968月716:59keyfile
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot40968月716:59logs
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot40968月716:59tmp
2.2 配置文件
创建配置文件，并添加对应的配置信息，注意仲裁节点的端口
[root@m127017]#cd/data/mongodb/27017/etc/ [root@m1etc]#vimmongod.conf 添加如下内容 storage: dbPath:/data/mongodb/27017/data journal: enabled:true systemLog: destination:file logAppend:true path:/data/mongodb/27017/logs/mongod.log processManagement: fork:true pidFilePath:/data/mongodb/27017/tmp/mongod.pid net: port:27017 bindIp:0.0.0.0replication: replSetName:"test1"#副本集名称
2.3 启动各节点
以其中一个节点为例，其他节点修改对应配置文件即可
[root@m1local]#/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod-f/data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf abouttoforkchildprocess,waitinguntilserverisreadyforconnections. forkedprocess:30019 childprocessstartedsuccessfully,parentexiting
2.4 初始化副本集
初始化副本集，指定各节点id及角色，注意副本集的名称和配置文件里一致。
在任意节点执行如下语句
>useadmin
switchedtodbadmin
>rs.initiate({
..._id:"test1",
...members:[
...{_id:0,host:"192.168.128.208:27017"},
...{_id:1,host:"192.168.128.209:27017"},
...{_id:2,host:"192.168.128.209:28017",arbiterOnly:true}
...]})
{
"ok":1,
"$clusterTime":{
"clusterTime":Timestamp(1596792682,1),
"signature":{
"hash":BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId":NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime":Timestamp(1596792682,1)
}
完成后可以查看各集群状态,如下，可见当前192.168.128.208:27017为PRIMARY节点
test1:PRIMARY>rs.status()
{
"set":"test1",
"date":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:24.454Z"),
"myState":1,
"term":NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo":"",
"syncSourceHost":"",
"syncSourceId":-1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis":NumberLong(2000),
"majorityVoteCount":2,
"writeMajorityCount":2,
"optimes":{
"lastCommittedOpTime":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"lastCommittedWallTime":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
"readConcernMajorityOpTime":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"readConcernMajorityWallTime":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
"appliedOpTime":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"lastAppliedWallTime":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z")
},
"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp":Timestamp(1596798513,1),
"lastStableCheckpointTimestamp":Timestamp(1596798513,1),
"electionCandidateMetrics":{
"lastElectionReason":"electionTimeout",
"lastElectionDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.409Z"),
"electionTerm":NumberLong(1),
"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection":{
"ts":Timestamp(0,0),
"t":NumberLong(-1)
},
"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596792682,1),
"t":NumberLong(-1)
},
"numVotesNeeded":2,
"priorityAtElection":1,
"electionTimeoutMillis":NumberLong(10000),
"numCatchUpOps":NumberLong(0),
"newTermStartDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.444Z"),
"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:34.050Z")
},
"members":[
{
"_id":0,
"name":"192.168.128.208:27017",
"health":1,
"state":1,
"stateStr":"PRIMARY",
"uptime":5950,
"optime":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
"syncingTo":"",
"syncSourceHost":"",
"syncSourceId":-1,
"infoMessage":"",
"electionTime":Timestamp(1596792693,1),
"electionDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33Z"),
"configVersion":1,
"self":true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage":""
},
{
"_id":1,
"name":"192.168.128.209:27017",
"health":1,
"state":2,
"stateStr":"SECONDARY",
"uptime":5882,
"optime":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable":{
"ts":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"t":NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
"optimeDurableDate":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
"lastHeartbeat":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.804Z"),
"pingMs":NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage":"",
"syncingTo":"192.168.128.208:27017",
"syncSourceHost":"192.168.128.208:27017",
"syncSourceId":0,
"infoMessage":"",
"configVersion":1
},
{
"_id":2,
"name":"192.168.128.209:28017",
"health":1,
"state":7,
"stateStr":"ARBITER",
"uptime":5882,
"lastHeartbeat":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv":ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.952Z"),
"pingMs":NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage":"",
"syncingTo":"",
"syncSourceHost":"",
"syncSourceId":-1,
"infoMessage":"",
"configVersion":1
}
],
"ok":1,
"$clusterTime":{
"clusterTime":Timestamp(1596798563,1),
"signature":{
"hash":BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId":NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime":Timestamp(1596798563,1)
}
test1:PRIMARY>
3 修改为认证模式
为考虑安全性等，需要开启认证模式（需要通过用户名/密码方式登录）
3.1创建用户
创建超级管理员账号
test1:PRIMARY>db.createUser({user:"root",pwd:"Root#123",roles:[{role:"root",db:"admin"}]})
Successfullyaddeduser:{
"user":"root",
"roles":[
{
"role":"root",
"db":"admin"
}
]
}
3.2 创建key文件
在主库上执行脚本生成key文件，然后将结拷贝到另外2个节点
[root@m1mongodb]#cd/data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/ [root@m1keyfile]#opensslrand-base64756>mongo.key [root@m1keyfile]#chmod600mongo.key#必须修改为600权限，否则无法启动
以上完成后，将文件复制到另外2个节点
3.3 修改配置文件
配置文件中添加如下内容，注意不同节点的文件路径
security: authorization:enabled clusterAuthMode:keyFile keyFile:/data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/mongo.key
3.4 重启后并用认证模式登陆
#关闭mongodb [root@m1keyfile]#/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod-f/data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf-shutdown killingprocesswithpid:30675 #启动mongodb [root@m1keyfile]#/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod-f/data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.confabouttoforkchildprocess,waitinguntilserverisreadyforconnections. forkedprocess:2430 childprocessstartedsuccessfully,parentexiting #认证模式登陆 [root@m1keyfile]# [root@m1keyfile]#/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo-uroot-p'Root#123'--authenticationDatabaseadmin
至此，mongodb副本集搭建完毕，你会了吗？
总结
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