Linux文本查看命令及其选项详解（cat,head,tail）

2023-07-17 21:14:04 197

linux系统内置命令可以通过以下两种方式查询：“cat--help”或者“mancat”。

cat命令的常用选项和官方解释如下：

catfile_name显示文件全部内容

cat-bfile_name显示文件非空行内容

cat-Efile_name在文件每行末尾显示$，常用于管道功能

cat-nfile_name显示内容和行号

Usage:cat[OPTION]...[FILE]...
ConcatenateFILE(s)tostandardoutput.

WithnoFILE,orwhenFILEis-,readstandardinput.

-A,--show-allequivalentto-vET
-b,--number-nonblanknumbernonemptyoutputlines,overrides-n
-eequivalentto-vE
-E,--show-endsdisplay$atendofeachline
-n,--numbernumberalloutputlines
-s,--squeeze-blanksuppressrepeatedemptyoutputlines
-tequivalentto-vT
-T,--show-tabsdisplayTABcharactersas^I
-u(ignored)
-v,--show-nonprintinguse^andM-notation,exceptforLFDandTAB
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit

Examples:
catf-gOutputf'scontents,thenstandardinput,theng'scontents.
catCopystandardinputtostandardoutput.

GNUcoreutilsonlinehelp:
Fulldocumentationat:http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat

head命令及其选项如下：

head-c10file_name显示一开始的10个字节

head-c-10file_name显示除末尾10个字节之外的内容

head-n10file_name显示一开始的10行内容

head-n-10file_name显示除末尾的10行之外的内容

Usage:head[OPTION]...[FILE]...
Printthefirst10linesofeachFILEtostandardoutput.
WithmorethanoneFILE,precedeeachwithaheadergivingthefilename.

WithnoFILE,orwhenFILEis-,readstandardinput.

Mandatoryargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.
-c,--bytes=[-]NUMprintthefirstNUMbytesofeachfile;
withtheleading'-',printallbutthelast
NUMbytesofeachfile
-n,--lines=[-]NUMprintthefirstNUMlinesinsteadofthefirst10;
withtheleading'-',printallbutthelast
NUMlinesofeachfile
-q,--quiet,--silentneverprintheadersgivingfilenames
-v,--verbosealwaysprintheadersgivingfilenames
-z,--zero-terminatedlinedelimiterisNUL,notnewline
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit

NUMmayhaveamultipliersuffix:
b512,kB1000,K1024,MB1000*1000,M1024*1024,
GB1000*1000*1000,G1024*1024*1024,andsoonforT,P,E,Z,Y.

GNUcoreutilsonlinehelp:
Fulldocumentationat:http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/head

tail命令及其选项如下：

tail-c10file_name显示末尾的10个字节

tail-c-10file_name显示除开头10个字节之外的内容

tail-n10file_name显示末尾的10行内容

tail-n-10file_name显示除开头的10行之外的内容

Usage:tail[OPTION]...[FILE]...
Printthelast10linesofeachFILEtostandardoutput.
WithmorethanoneFILE,precedeeachwithaheadergivingthefilename.

WithnoFILE,orwhenFILEis-,readstandardinput.

Mandatoryargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.
-c,--bytes=[+]NUMoutputthelastNUMbytes;oruse-c+NUMto
outputstartingwithbyteNUMofeachfile
-f,--follow[={name|descriptor}]
outputappendeddataasthefilegrows;
anabsentoptionargumentmeans'descriptor'
-Fsameas--follow=name--retry
-n,--lines=[+]NUMoutputthelastNUMlines,insteadofthelast10;
oruse-n+NUMtooutputstartingwithlineNUM
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with--follow=name,reopenaFILEwhichhasnot
changedsizeafterN(default5)iterations
toseeifithasbeenunlinkedorrenamed
(thisistheusualcaseofrotatedlogfiles);
withinotify,thisoptionisrarelyuseful
--pid=PIDwith-f,terminateafterprocessID,PIDdies
-q,--quiet,--silentneveroutputheadersgivingfilenames
--retrykeeptryingtoopenafileifitisinaccessible
-s,--sleep-interval=Nwith-f,sleepforapproximatelyNseconds
(default1.0)betweeniterations;
withinotifyand--pid=P,checkprocessPat
leastonceeveryNseconds
-v,--verbosealwaysoutputheadersgivingfilenames
-z,--zero-terminatedlinedelimiterisNUL,notnewline
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit

NUMmayhaveamultipliersuffix:
b512,kB1000,K1024,MB1000*1000,M1024*1024,
GB1000*1000*1000,G1024*1024*1024,andsoonforT,P,E,Z,Y.

With--follow(-f),taildefaultstofollowingthefiledescriptor,which
meansthatevenifatail'edfileisrenamed,tailwillcontinuetotrack
itsend.Thisdefaultbehaviorisnotdesirablewhenyoureallywantto
tracktheactualnameofthefile,notthefiledescriptor(e.g.,log
rotation).Use--follow=nameinthatcase.Thatcausestailtotrackthe
namedfileinawaythataccommodatesrenaming,removalandcreation.

GNUcoreutilsonlinehelp:
Fulldocumentationat:http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tail

搭配管道使用更佳

此外，这三个命令常常与管道功能搭配，用于文件内容的操作，例如：

对data.txt中的数据进行排序：catdata.txt|sort

对data.txt中的内容匹配：catdata.txt|grep'a'

输出data.txt中的非空行数：cat-bdata.txt|wc-l

总结

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Linux文本查看命令及其选项详解（cat,head,tail）

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