如何基于Dockerfile构建tomcat镜像

2023-07-17 19:54:03 188

dockerfile是用来构建docker镜像的文件！命令参数脚本！

构建步骤：

编写一个dockerfile文件
dockerbuild构建成一个镜像
dockerrun运行镜像
dockerpush发布镜像（DockerHub、阿里云镜像仓库）

#以contes为例查看dockerhub上contes的dockerfile

FROMscratch
ADDcentos-7-x86_64-docker.tar.xz/

LABEL\
org.label-schema.schema-version="1.0"\
org.label-schema.name="CentOSBaseImage"\
org.label-schema.vendor="CentOS"\
org.label-schema.license="GPLv2"\
org.label-schema.build-date="20200809"\
org.opencontainers.image.title="CentOSBaseImage"\
org.opencontainers.image.vendor="CentOS"\
org.opencontainers.image.licenses="GPL-2.0-only"\
org.opencontainers.image.created="2020-08-0900:00:00+01:00"

CMD["/bin/bash"]

DockerFile构建过程

基础知识：

每个保留关键字（指令）都必须是大写字母
执行顺序从上到下顺序执行
表示注释
每个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层，并提交

dockerfile是面向开发的，我们以后要发布项目，做镜像，就需要编写dockerfile文件，这个文件十分简单！

Docker镜像逐渐成为企业交付的标准！

DockerFile：构建镜像，定义了一切的步骤，源代码；

DockerImages：通过DockerFile构建生成的一个镜像，这个镜像就是我们最终发布和运行的产品！

Docker容器：容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务！

DockerFile的指令

FROM			#基础镜像
MAINTAINER		#镜像是谁写的	姓名+邮箱
RUN				#镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD				#步骤	eg:tomcat镜像---》放入tomcat的压缩包！添加内容
WORKDIR			#镜像的工作目录
VOLUME			#挂载的目录位置
EXPOST			#暴露端口配置
CMD				#指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT		#指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD			#当构建一个被继承的DockerFile，这个时候就会运行ONBUILD的指令，触发指令
COPY			#类似ADD，将我们的文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV			#构建的时候设置环境变量

实战测试

DockerHub中99%的镜像都是从FROMscratch这个基础镜像过来的，然后配置我们需要的软件和配置来进行构建

创建一个自己的centos

#1、编写DockerFile的文件
FROMcentos
#作者信息
MAINTAINERyinxiaodong
#配置环境变量
ENVMYPATH/user/local
#指定镜像的工作目录
WORKDIR$MYPATH

RUNyuminstall-yvim
RUNyuminstall-ynet-tools
#暴露80端口
EXPOSE80

CMDecho$MYPATH
CMDecho"---------end--------"
CMD/bin/bash


#2、通过文件构建镜像
#命令dockerbuild-fdockerfile文件路径	-t镜像名:版本号.
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerbuild-fmydockerfile-centos-tmycentos:0.1.
SendingbuildcontexttoDockerdaemon2.048kB
Step1/9:FROMcentos
--->0d120b6ccaa8
Step2/9:MAINTAINERyinxiaodong
--->Runninginf79b12ffb083
Removingintermediatecontainerf79b12ffb083
--->8ee53d3f7a65
Step3/9:ENVMYPATH/user/local
--->Runningin659a2c96d5f7
Removingintermediatecontainer659a2c96d5f7
--->59ab131ef44c
Step4/9:WORKDIR$MYPATH
--->Runningin0b4b8f9c65bb
Removingintermediatecontainer0b4b8f9c65bb
--->408b06671488
Step5/9:RUNyuminstall-ynet-tools
--->Runningin151f81148a87
CentOS-8-AppStream118kB/s|5.8MB00:50
CentOS-8-Base218kB/s|2.2MB00:10
CentOS-8-Extras1.8kB/s|7.3kB00:04
Dependenciesresolved.
================================================================================
PackageArchitectureVersionRepositorySize
================================================================================
Installing:
net-toolsx86_642.0-0.51.20160912git.el8BaseOS323k

TransactionSummary
================================================================================
Install1Package

Totaldownloadsize:323k
Installedsize:1.0M
DownloadingPackages:
net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm219kB/s|323kB00:01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total66kB/s|323kB00:04
warning:/var/cache/dnf/BaseOS-f6a80ba95cf937f2/packages/net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm:HeaderV3RSA/SHA256Signature,keyID8483c65d:NOKEY
CentOS-8-Base162kB/s|1.6kB00:00
ImportingGPGkey0x8483C65D:
Userid:"CentOS(CentOSOfficialSigningKey)"
Fingerprint:99DB70FAE1D7CE227FB6488205B555B38483C65D
From:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Keyimportedsuccessfully
Runningtransactioncheck
Transactionchecksucceeded.
Runningtransactiontest
Transactiontestsucceeded.
Runningtransaction
Preparing:1/1
Installing:net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_641/1
Runningscriptlet:net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_641/1
Verifying:net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_641/1

Installed:
net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64

Complete!
Removingintermediatecontainer151f81148a87
--->c0a0546c9b2a
Step6/9:EXPOSE80
--->Runningin42000936515d
Removingintermediatecontainer42000936515d
--->fe68114ecf3f
Step7/9:CMDecho$MYPATH
--->Runninginc393fc53a354
Removingintermediatecontainerc393fc53a354
--->a6924276bf90
Step8/9:CMDecho"---------end--------"
--->Runningin5994de56f0a1
Removingintermediatecontainer5994de56f0a1
--->a8ba0ebb3770
Step9/9:CMD/bin/bash
--->Runningind1fa2d436363
Removingintermediatecontainerd1fa2d436363
--->41bb76be4884
Successfullybuilt41bb76be4884
Successfullytaggedmycentos:0.1
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerimages
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDSIZE
mycentos0.141bb76be48847secondsago246MB
centos1.0d840628c30a96hoursago215MB
centoslatest0d120b6ccaa82daysago215MB

#启动mycentos使用ifconfig命令查看ip信息
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerrun-itmycentos:0.1
[root@494c2bc72263local]#ifconfig
eth0:flags=4163mtu1500
inet172.17.0.3netmask255.255.0.0broadcast172.17.255.255
ether02:42:ac:11:00:03txqueuelen0(Ethernet)
RXpackets6bytes516(516.0B)
RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0
TXpackets0bytes0(0.0B)
TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0

lo:flags=73mtu65536
inet127.0.0.1netmask255.0.0.0
looptxqueuelen1000(LocalLoopback)
RXpackets0bytes0(0.0B)
RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0
TXpackets0bytes0(0.0B)
TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0
#查看所在目录/user/local正是我们在dockerfile中指定的目录
[root@494c2bc72263local]#pwd
/user/local

查看镜像的构建历史记录

#命令dockerhistory镜像id

[root@localhost~]#dockerhistory41bb76be4884
IMAGECREATEDCREATEDBYSIZECOMMENT
41bb76be488416minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)CMD["/bin/sh""-c""/bin…0B
a8ba0ebb377016minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)CMD["/bin/sh""-c""echo…0B
a6924276bf9016minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)CMD["/bin/sh""-c""echo…0B
fe68114ecf3f16minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)EXPOSE800B
c0a0546c9b2a16minutesago/bin/sh-cyuminstall-ynet-tools31.3MB
408b0667148817minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)WORKDIR/user/local0B
59ab131ef44c17minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENVMYPATH=/user/local0B
8ee53d3f7a6517minutesago/bin/sh-c#(nop)MAINTAINERyinxiaodong2daysago/bin/sh-c#(nop)LABELorg.label-schema.sc…0B
2daysago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ADDfile:538afc0c5c964ce0d…215MB

我们平时拿到一个镜像，可以研究一下它是怎么做的---->dockerhistory镜像id

CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别

CMD				#指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT		#指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令

#测试CMD
#编写DockerFile的文件
[root@localhostdockerfile]#catdockerfile-cmd-test
FROMcentos
CMD["ls","-a"]
#根据DockerFile构建镜像
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerbuild-fdockerfile-cmd-test-ttestcmd:0.1.
SendingbuildcontexttoDockerdaemon3.072kB
Step1/2:FROMcentos
--->0d120b6ccaa8
Step2/2:CMD["ls","-a"]
--->Runninginb3f8ba72222b
Removingintermediatecontainerb3f8ba72222b
--->561e47f88730
Successfullybuilt561e47f88730
Successfullytaggedtestcmd:0.1	#构建成功
#查看镜像
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerimages
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDSIZE
testcmd0.1561e47f887306secondsago215MB
centoslatest0d120b6ccaa82daysago215MB
#启动镜像发现ls-a命令生效
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerrun-ittestcmd:0.1
..dockerenv	devhomelib64mediaoptrootsbin	sysusr
..bin		etcliblost+foundmntprocrunsrv	tmpvar

#启动命令中追加一个-l,我们期望的是ls-a-l,但是报错，这里将ls-a替换成了-l，最终的命令是-l所以报错。
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerrun-it561e47f88730-l
docker:Errorresponsefromdaemon:OCIruntimecreatefailed:container_linux.go:349:startingcontainerprocesscaused"exec:\"-l\":executablefilenotfoundin$PATH":unknown.
#将启动命令替换成dockerrun-ittestcmd:0.1ls-al，成功打印详细信息;
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerrun-ittestcmd:0.1ls-al
total0
drwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6Aug1308:20.
drwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6Aug1308:20..
-rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot0Aug1308:20.dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot7May112019bin->usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.5rootroot360Aug1308:20dev
drwxr-xr-x.1rootroot66Aug1308:20etc
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019home
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot7May112019lib->usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot9May112019lib64->usr/lib64
drwx------.2rootroot6Aug921:40lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019media
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019mnt
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019opt
dr-xr-xr-x.123rootroot0Aug1308:20proc
dr-xr-x---.2rootroot162Aug921:40root
drwxr-xr-x.11rootroot163Aug921:40run
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot8May112019sbin->usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019srv
dr-xr-xr-x.13rootroot0Aug1109:58sys
drwxrwxrwt.7rootroot145Aug921:40tmp
drwxr-xr-x.12rootroot144Aug921:40usr
drwxr-xr-x.20rootroot262Aug921:40var



#测试二：现在我们把DockerFile中CMD替换成ENTRYPOINT后重新构建，运行看看结果

[root@localhostdockerfile]#catdockerfile-cmd-test
FROMcentos
ENTRYPOINT["ls","-a"]
#重新构建镜像
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerbuild-fdockerfile-cmd-test-ttestcmd:0.2.
SendingbuildcontexttoDockerdaemon3.072kB
Step1/2:FROMcentos
--->0d120b6ccaa8
Step2/2:ENTRYPOINT["ls","-a"]
--->Runninginc634ca09fabe
Removingintermediatecontainerc634ca09fabe
--->52d295395f08
Successfullybuilt52d295395f08
Successfullytaggedtestcmd:0.2
#查看镜像
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerimages
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDSIZE
testcmd0.252d295395f087secondsago215MB
testcmd0.1561e47f8873012minutesago215MB
centoslatest0d120b6ccaa82daysago215MB
#运行testcmd：0.2镜像并追加-l,发现打印出了详细信息	
[root@localhostdockerfile]#dockerrun-ittestcmd:0.2-l
total0
drwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6Aug1308:17.
drwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6Aug1308:17..
-rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot0Aug1308:17.dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot7May112019bin->usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.5rootroot360Aug1308:17dev
drwxr-xr-x.1rootroot66Aug1308:17etc
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019home
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot7May112019lib->usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot9May112019lib64->usr/lib64
drwx------.2rootroot6Aug921:40lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019media
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019mnt
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019opt
dr-xr-xr-x.121rootroot0Aug1308:17proc
dr-xr-x---.2rootroot162Aug921:40root
drwxr-xr-x.11rootroot163Aug921:40run
lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot8May112019sbin->usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot6May112019srv
dr-xr-xr-x.13rootroot0Aug1109:58sys
drwxrwxrwt.7rootroot145Aug921:40tmp
drwxr-xr-x.12rootroot144Aug921:40usr
drwxr-xr-x.20rootroot262Aug921:40var

DockerFile中很多命令都十分相似，我们需要了解他的区别，最好的学习就是对比进行测试查看效果！

实战:Tomcat镜像

1、准备镜像文件tomcat压缩包jdk压缩包

[root@localhosttomcat]#ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gzDockerfilejdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gzread.txt

2、编写dockerfile文件,官方命名Dockerfile，build会自动寻找这个文件，不需要-f指定！

#引入基础
FROMcentos
#作者信息
MAINTAINERyinxiaodoong

#copy文件read.txt到容器的/usr/local/read.txt目录下
COPYread.txt/usr/local/read.txt

#添加jdktomcat--->自动解压
ADDjdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz/usr/local/
ADDapache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gz/usr/local/

#安装vim命令
RUNyuminstall-yvim


#配置MYPATH
ENVMYPATH/usr/local/
#指定进入容器默认路径/user/local/
WORKDIR$MYPATH


#配置jdk环境变量
ENVJAVA_HOME/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_211
ENVCLASSPATH$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jat:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

#配置tomcat环境变量
ENVCATALINA_HOME/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43
ENVCATALINA_BASH/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43

ENVPATH$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin


#暴露8080端口
EXPOSE8080


#/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#
#启动容器时启动tomcat
CMD/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/bin/startup.sh&&tail-f/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/logs/catalina.out

#构建tomcat镜像
[root@localhosttomcat]#dockerbuild-tmytomcat
[root@localhosttomcat]#dockerimages
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDSIZE
mytomcatlatesta9707559afa18secondsago693MB
centoslatest0d120b6ccaa84daysago215MB


[root@localhosttomcat]#dockerrun-d-p8081:8080--namemytomcat--01-v/home/yinxiaodong/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/webapps/test-v/home/yinxiaodong/build/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/logsmytomcat

发布自己的镜像

发布到dockerHub

地址 https://hub.docker.com/注册自己的账号

确定自己的账号可以登录

在我们的服务器上提交

[root@localhostlogs]#dockerlogin--help

Usage:	dockerlogin[OPTIONS][SERVER]

LogintoaDockerregistry.
Ifnoserverisspecified,thedefaultisdefinedbythedaemon.

Options:
-p,--passwordstringPassword
--password-stdinTakethepasswordfromstdin
-u,--usernamestringUsername
[root@localhostlogs]#
[root@localhostlogs]#dockerlogin-uxxx-pxxx
WARNING!Using--passwordviatheCLIisinsecure.Use--password-stdin.
WARNING!Yourpasswordwillbestoredunencryptedin/root/.docker/config.json.
Configureacredentialhelpertoremovethiswarning.See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
LoginSucceeded

登录完毕后就可以提交镜像了

[root@localhostlogs]#dockerpushxxx/mytomcat:1.0

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持毛票票。

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