oracle备份之备份测试脚本的方法（冷备、热备、rman)
1、数据库环境
数据库DBID及打开模式
SQL>selectdbid,open_modefromv$database; DBIDOPEN_MODE -------------------- 4106451204READWRITE
数据文件:
SQL>selectfile#,status,enabled,namefromv$datafile; FILE#STATUSENABLEDNAME ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1SYSTEMREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf 2ONLINEREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf 3ONLINEREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf 4ONLINEREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf 5ONLINEREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf 6ONLINEREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf 7ONLINEREADWRITE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf
控制文件：
SQL>selectstatus,namefromv$controlfile; STATUSNAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control1 /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control2 /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/control3
联机日志：
SQL>selectgroup#,status,type,memberfromv$logfile; GROUP#STATUSTYPEMEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo01.log 1ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo11.log 3ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo03.log 2ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo02.log 5ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo05.log 5ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo55.log 4ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo04.log 4ONLINE/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo44.log
2、数据库备份脚本
冷备份脚本
#remscript:coldbak.sh #remcreater:chon #remdate:2011 #remdesc:offlinefullbackupdatabase #--connectdatabase sqlplus/assysdba<说明：
1、以上脚本在数据库关闭状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件，联机日志，控制文件，归档日志（在一个目录下），如果成功备份，所有文件是一致的。
2、没有备份参数文件，参数文件可以另外备份，没有必要每次都备份，只需要在改变设置后备份一次。
3、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份将是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么肯定关闭数据库也不成功，那么备份则无效
4、冷备份建议下人工干预下执行。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OS热备份
查看表空间和数据文件对应关系SQL>selectfile_id,tablespace_name,file_namefromdba_data_files; FILE_IDTABLESPACE_NAMEFILE_NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7RMAN_TS/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf 6BIG_TBS/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf 5TBS3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf 4TBS_1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf 3SYSAUX/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf 2UNDOTBS/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf 1SYSTEM/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf数据库OS热全备份脚本
#remscript:hotbak.sh #remcreater:chon #remdate:2011 #remdesc:backupalldatabasedatafileinarchive #--connectdatabase sqlplus/assysdba<说明：
1、热备份必须在数据库归档方式下才可以运行
2、以上脚本可以在数据库运行状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件（除了临时数据文件），没有必要备份联机日志。
3、归档日志至少需要一次完整备份之后的所有日志。
4、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份也是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么备份则无效---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN备份脚本
--本地创建文件夹
mkdir/home/oracle/backup mkdir/home/oracle/backup/script mkdir/home/oracle/backup/log mkdir/home/oracle/backup/export--备份目的地
mkdir/home/oracle/rman_backup创建备份表空间
createtablespacerman_tbsdatafile'/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf'size1024M;创建备份用户
createuserrmanidentifiedbyrmandefaulttablespacerman_tbstemporarytablespacetemp;grantconnect,resource,recovery_catalog_ownertorman; rmancatalogrman/rman createcatalogtablespacerman_tbs; connecttargetsys/lukewhx@luke registerdatabase; reportschema; configureretentionpolicytoredundancy2; configureretentionpolicytorecoverywindowof7days; --倒出RMAN用户数据脚本exp_rman.par(即备份catalog库） userid=rman/rman file=/home/oracle/backup/export/rman.dmp log=/home/oracle/backup/log/rman.log --倒出RMAN数据SHELL脚本exp_rman.sh #!/bin/bash cd$HOME ..bash_profile cd$HOME/backup/script expparfile=exp_rman.par --零级备份RMAN脚本level0_backup.rcv connectcatalogrman/rman connecttargetsys/unumall@unu2 run{ CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTORECOVERYWINDOWOF14DAYS; CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPON; allocatechanneld1typedisk; allocatechanneld2typedisk; backupincrementallevel0databaseformat'/home/oracle/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag='level0'includecurrentcontrolfile; sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent'; backuparchivelogallformat'/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'deleteallinput; releasechanneld2; releasechanneld1; } crosscheckbackup; deletenopromptexpiredbackup; deletenopromptobsolete; resynccatalog; --零级备份SHELL脚本的level0_backup.sh #!/bin/bash cd$HOME ..bash_profile cd$HOME/backup/script rmancmdfile=level0_backup.rcvmsglog=$HOME/backup/log/level0_backup.log ./home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh --一级差异增量备份RMAN脚本level1_backup.rcv connectcatalogrman/rman connecttargetsys/luke@luke run{ allocatechanneld1typedisk; backupincrementallevel1format'/home/oracle/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'tag='level1'database; sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent'; backuparchivelogallformat'/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'deleteallinput; releasechanneld1; } crosscheckbackup; deletenopromptexpiredbackup; deletenopromptobsolete; resynccatalog; --一级差异增量备份SHELL脚本level1_backup.sh #!/bin/bash cd$HOME ..bash_profile cd/home/oracle/backup/script rmancmdfile=level1_backup.rcvmsglog=$HOME/backup/log/level1.log ./home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh --二级差异增量备份RMAN脚本level2_backup.rcv connectcatalogrman/rman connecttargetsys/luke@luke run{ allocatechanneld1typedisk; backupincrementallevel2format'/home/oracle/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'tag='level2'database; sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent'; backuparchivelogallformat'/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'deleteallinput; releasechanneld1; } crosscheckbackup; deletenopromptexpiredbackup; deletenopromptobsolete; resynccatalog;--二级差异增量备份SHELL脚本level2_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash cd$HOME ..bash_profile cd/home/oracle/backup/script rmancmdfile=level2_backup.rcvmsglog=$HOME/backup/log/level2.log ./home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh提高RMAN增量备份性能
alterdatabaseenableblockchangetrackingusingfile '/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log'; descv$block_change_tracking;linux下定时执行备份脚本
crontab-e-uoracle SHELL=/bin/bash--以下脚本在bash下执行 MAILTO=oracle--执行日志以邮件形式邮给oracle用户，可以/var/spool/mail/oracle下查收 101**0/home/oracle/backup/script/level0_backup.sh 101**1/home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh 101**2/home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh 101**3/home/oracle/backup/script/level1_backup.sh 101**4/home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh 101**5/home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh 101**6/home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh一周差异备份策略：
备份目标库和catalog库
周日0级全备，周一周二为2级，周三为1级，周四周五周六为2级。
每天凌晨1点10分开始备份零级备份
backupincrementallevel0database;
一级差异增量差异增量是默认增量备份方式
backupincrementallevel1database;一级累计增量
backupincrementallevel1cumulativedatabase;总结
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